Measuring the impact of European colonization on Native American populations in Southern Brazil and Uruguay: Evidence from mtDNA

Tavares, Gustavo Medina; Reales, Guillermo; Bortolini, María Cátira; Fagundes, Nelson J. R.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23243

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…However, they are affected by an eventual not enough representative sampling of the reference Native American populations. These results are consistent with higher Native American effective populations size estimates obtained from mtDNA from admixed populations than from current Native American populations (Tavares et al. 2019) or higher variability in ancient DNA than in current samples (Llamas et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Reconstructed lost Native American populations from Eastern Brazil are shaped by differential Jê/Tupi ancestry

Mas-Sandoval

Arauna

Gouveia

et al. 2019

Genome Biology and Evolution

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After the colonization of the Americas by Europeans and the consequent Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, most Native American populations in eastern Brazil disappeared or went through an admixture process that configured a population composed of three main genetic components: the European, the sub-Saharan African and the Native American. The study of the Native American genetic history is challenged by the availability of genome-wide samples from Native American populations, the technical difficulties to develop ancient DNA studies and the low proportions of the Native American component in the admixed Brazilian populations (in average 7%). We analysed genome-wide data of 5,825 individuals from three locations of eastern Brazil: Salvador (North East), Bambui (South East), and Pelotas (South) and we reconstructed populations that emulate the Native American groups that were living in the 16th century around the sampling locations. This genetic reconstruction was performed after local ancestry analysis of the admixed Brazilian populations, through the rearrangement of the Native American haplotypes into reconstructed individuals with full Native American ancestry (51 reconstructed individuals in Salvador, 45 in Bambui and 197 in Pelotas). We compared the reconstructed populations with non-admixed Native American populations from other regions of Brazil through haplotype-based methods. Our results reveal a population structure shaped by the dichotomy of Tupi-/Jê- speaking ancestry related groups. We also show evidence of a decrease of the diversity of non-admixed Native American groups after the European contact, in contrast with the reconstructed populations, suggesting a reservoir of the Native American genetic diversity within the admixed Brazilian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Reconstructed lost Native American populations from Eastern Brazil are shaped by differential Jê/Tupi ancestry

Mas-Sandoval

Arauna

Gouveia

et al. 2019

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…Migrant ranchers are mainly from southern Brazil (Schneider & Peres, 2015), and although racial mixing with indigenous communities occurred (Tavares et al ., 2019), the culture retains strong European cultural roots (De Majo & Relly, 2020). They do not enjoy eating wildlife other than ungulates and ungulate‐like large rodents (Trinca & Ferrari, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landowner perceptions of livestock predation: implications for persecution of an Amazonian apex predator

Miranda

Peres

Downs

2021

Animal Conservation

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Apex predators are widely threatened globally and generally considered a priority on the conservation biology agenda. The harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja, is an apex predator threatened by habitat loss and persecution and a flagship species for Neotropical conservation. We investigated the roles of social, economic and environmental factors related to livestock depredation by harpy eagles, causes of reported harpy eagle persecution by local landholders and the intent of future harpy eagle killings. We explored these issues using structured interviews with 184 local livestock owners, who had admitted killing a combined total of 181 harpy eagles. We found that livestock abundance and livestock husbandry were the best positive predictors of levels of self‐reported livestock predation by harpy eagles. Domestic livestock reported to be killed by harpy eagles (192) were mainly chickens (47.9%), followed by goats (22.4%), pigs (18.2%) and sheep (8.3%), with pets representing only ~3% of kills. Few harpy eagle killings were related to livestock predation, which accounted for less than 20% of all eagles killed. Instead, the main reason for killing harpy eagles was simple curiosity, and many interviewees reported later regretting their acts. Regarding intent to kill harpy eagles in the future, interviewees’ perceptions of the threat posed to livestock and humans by eagles, and the subjective norm, were unrelated to intent to kill harpy eagles further. The single most important factor in predicting intent to kill harpy eagles was whether the interviewee had suffered livestock predation by eagles in the past. Additionally, the intention to kill eagles was negatively associated with landholding size. Most of our interviewees were relatively large landowners, but they are typically outnumbered by smallholders who are more likely to persecute harpy eagles. Consequently, education, compensation and tourism activities should be directed to smallholders to mitigate unnecessary persecution and mortality of harpy eagles.

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“…Globalisation in the relatively recent era was accompanied by the spread of pathogens that contributed to social instability and high rates of violence and conflict that led to millions of deaths (e.g. Tavares et al 2019).…”

Section: Terra Australis 54mentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological perspectives on conflict and warfare in Australia and the Pacific

Clark¹,

Litster²

2022

Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific

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Johnson … laughed much at Lord Kames's opinion that war was a good thing occasionally, as so much valour and virtue were exhibited in it. A fire, says Johnson, might as well be thought a good thing: there is the bravery and address of the firemen employed in extinguishing it; there is much humanity exerted in saving the lives and properties of the poor sufferers; yet, says, he, after all this who can say fire is a good thing? (Hill and Powell 1934:393 n2)

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Measuring the impact of European colonization on Native American populations in Southern Brazil and Uruguay: Evidence from mtDNA

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

Reconstructed lost Native American populations from Eastern Brazil are shaped by differential Jê/Tupi ancestry

Reconstructed lost Native American populations from Eastern Brazil are shaped by differential Jê/Tupi ancestry

Landowner perceptions of livestock predation: implications for persecution of an Amazonian apex predator

Archaeological perspectives on conflict and warfare in Australia and the Pacific

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