Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Leather Processing Technologies

Laurenti, Rafael; Redwood, Michael; Puig, Rita; Frostell, Björn

doi:10.1111/jiec.12504

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The earliest industry in operation using tannin is the leather operation [15]. Animal skin is the by-product from meat industry which became the raw material for the leather industry were collected from slaughterhouses and transformed into stable material [16], [17] called leather which later be used for manufacturing a wide range of products such as clothing, footwear, leather goods, furniture, and other daily used items [18], [19]. The production of leather involves the process which the collagen chains in the skin are cross-linked with the tannins in the tan liquors (solution containing tannins) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin Extraction from Bark of Rhizophora Mucronata Using Soxhlet and Boiling Techniques

Muhayyidin

Ghazali

Bakar

et al. 2018

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Extraction of tannin Rhizophora Mucronata barks by using two methods, which were soxhlet extraction and boiling were demonstrated in this study in order to evaluate the effective technique for extraction. Several parameters such as the type of solvent used, time of extraction, and sample size were specified. The extractant was then evaporated using vacuum rotary evaporator. The percentage of extractives and the characterization of condensed (Stiasny Index) and hydrolyzable tannins were all quantified. The milled barks with different sizes were introduced to the extraction using water, methanol, acetone, and toluene as a solvent for three, six and nine hours for Soxhlet extraction while for boiling only water were used as a solvent and at four, six and eight hours. Results demonstrated that extraction from the bark of Rhizophora Mucronata with water for six and nine hours extracted approximately 29 wt% and 13wt % for both soxhlet extraction and boiling respectively when coupled with vacuum rotary evaporator. The Soxhlet extraction method was superior as compared to boiling. The optimum parameters for the Soxhlet extraction were water as the solvent at six hours extraction with 0.5 mm of milled bark particles size that extracted 29 wt% of extractives. The condensed tannin and hydrolyzable tannin of the extractives using soxhlet extraction were approximately 76 wt% and 0.00133 wt% respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin Extraction from Bark of Rhizophora Mucronata Using Soxhlet and Boiling Techniques

Muhayyidin

Ghazali

Bakar

et al. 2018

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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“…Based on the unit root test, the null hypothesis is rejected under all methods. However, all first-differencing series are stationary, indicating that these variables are (1) I processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the environmental problems caused by the change of industrial structure (especially the structure of manufacturing sector) have drawn more and more attention from academic communities [1]. While the manufacturing sector in Anhui province of central China has witnessed a rapid growth, the economic mode of high input, high consumption and low technical content has brought a significant impact on the ecological environment to most of the cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cointegration Analysis between the Structure of Manufacturing Industry and the Urban Environment in Anhui Province, China based on VAR a VEC Model

Wang¹,

Tingjin²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018)

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Abstract. There is a close relationship between industrial structure and ecological environment. Based on the data of the structure of manufacturing industry and the ecological environment during 2000-2015 in Anhui province of China, the VAR and VEC models are constructed. The cointegration test found that, there is significant industrial difference in the equilibrium relationship among structural variables (i.e. the proportion of value added of textile industry, resource processing industry, and machinery and electronic industry) and environmental variables (i.e. water environment, atmospheric environment, and solid environment). On this basis, the Granger causality test was carried out to examine the causal association between variables. Further, with the help of impulse response function and variance decomposition, the direction, degree and contribution of the impulse response among variables are analyzed.

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“…At present, there are some obstacles in the evaluation methods of garment sewing production, such as the difficulty of tracking and monitoring the detailed production processes. So, there are few studies on carbon emissions in the textile and garment field [10]. Nowadays, most research on carbon emission reduction focuses on spinning, weaving and materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Emission Evaluation Based on Multi-Objective Balance of Sewing Assembly Line in Apparel Industry

Zhang

Chen

2019

Energies

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Apparel manufacturing is an industry with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. With the development of the low-carbon economy, low-carbon production in the apparel manufacturing industry become more and more imperative. The apparel industry is encountering great challenges in reducing carbon emissions. Garment sewing comprises a large number of processes, machines and operators. However, the existing studies lack quantitative analysis of carbon sources in the sewing process. This study analyzed the carbon emission characteristics in garment sewing production. Evaluation models of carbon emission were established for the sewing process in this research and the factors of fabrics, accessories, sewing machines and operators were included in the models. The results showed that fabrics and accessories were the main sources of carbon emissions in garment sewing production. The second largest carbon emission source was sewing machines, followed by operators. According to the evaluation models, the number of machines, operators and the utilization rate of the machines were related to the balance of the assembly line. A multi-objective optimization model aimed at minimizing the time loss rate and smoothness index of the assembly line was established, and a fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the solution for carbon emission reduction. The men’s shirt assembly lines, based on three types of workstation layouts (the order of processes, the type of machines and the components of the garment), were applied to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results indicated that the total carbon emissions of the three assembly lines based on balance optimization were less than that of the normal assembly line. The assembly line of the workstations arranged in the order of processes was the best assembly line since it had the highest efficiency and the lowest carbon emissions.

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Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Leather Processing Technologies

Abstract: Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Tannin Extraction from Bark of Rhizophora Mucronata Using Soxhlet and Boiling Techniques

Tannin Extraction from Bark of Rhizophora Mucronata Using Soxhlet and Boiling Techniques

Cointegration Analysis between the Structure of Manufacturing Industry and the Urban Environment in Anhui Province, China based on VAR a VEC Model

Carbon Emission Evaluation Based on Multi-Objective Balance of Sewing Assembly Line in Apparel Industry

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