Measuring the effect of fundamental frequency raising as a strategy for increasing vocal intensity in soft, normal and loud phonation

Alku, Paavo; Vintturi, Juha; Vilkman, Erkki

doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(01)00072-3

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…And the level of increase is consistent with other experiments, although the range of intensity values varies across studies [17,18,61,62]. Similarly, the increase in mean F0 from conversational to loud condition of approximately 37 Hz is consistent with data from healthy speakers in other experiments [62] and the increase was expected, given that F0 tends to rise naturally as intensity is increased [14,17,18]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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The Effect of Loud Voice and Clear Speech on the Use of Vocal Fry in Women

Behrman

Akhund²

2016

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: This study investigated the effects of clear speech and loud voice on the use of vocal fry in women. Methods: Twenty healthy-voiced young women who used a moderate amount of vocal fry when reading aloud in conversational-style speech (defined as a minimum of three occurrences per sentence) also read the same stimuli in loud voice and clear speech. The occurrence of vocal fry was assessed in the three speaking styles. Intensity and fundamental frequency levels in each condition were obtained to help interpret the findings. Results: A statistically significant reduction in the use of vocal fry was found in loud and clear conditions compared to conversational style. However, a significantly greater reduction in use of vocal fry was obtained in clear speech than in loud voice. The increased intensity and mean F0 in loud and clear speech only partially explain the decrease in use of vocal fry. Conclusion: Women who use vocal fry in typical speech may persist in its use when speaking more loudly, although not when speaking more clearly. Apparently, different phonatory strategies are used for the two speaking styles. Further research is needed to clarify the laryngeal dynamics of clear speech.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Increased vocal intensity is achieved primarily with increased lung pressure [13,14], requiring increased vocal fold tension to offset the increased aerodynamic pressure [15,16]. As a result, F0 naturally increases as intensity is increased [14,17,18], making the production of vocal fry, with its low F0, an inefficient mode of vibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Loud Voice and Clear Speech on the Use of Vocal Fry in Women

Behrman

Akhund²

2016

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…14 It has been proposed that this structural difference may cause children to be more prone to tissue reactions because of vocal abuse. [15] and [16] In adult voices, high background noise levels have been found to influence several vocal parameters such as loudness, subglottal pressure, 17 fundamental frequency, [18], [19], [20], [21], [22] and [23] and voice quality. 24 Does the same pattern apply also for children?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Voice and Noise: A Pilot Study of Noise in Day Cares and the Effects on 10 Children's Voice Quality According to Perceptual Evaluation

et al. 2009

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SummaryThe purpose of this investigation was to study children's exposure to background noise at the ears during a normal day at the day care center and also to relate this to a perceptual evaluation of voice quality. Ten children, from three day care centers, with no history of hearing and speech problems or frequent infections were selected as subjects. A binaural recording technique was used with two microphones placed on both sides of the subject's head, at equal distance from the mouth. A portable digital audio tape (DAT) recorder (Sony TCD-D 100, Stockholm, Sweden) was attached to the subject's waist. Three recordings were made for each child during the day. Each recording was calibrated and started with three repetitions of three sentences containing only sonorants. The recording technique allowed separate analyses of the background noise level and of the sound pressure level (SPL) of each subjects' own voice. Results showed a mean background noise level for the three day care centers at 82.6 dBA Leq, ranging from 81.5 to 83.6 dBA Leq. Day care center no. 2 had the highest mean value and also the highest value at any separate recording session with a mean background noise level of 85.4 dBA Leq during the noontime recordings. Perceptual evaluation showed that the children attending this day care center also received higher values on the following voice characteristics: hoarseness, breathiness, and hyperfunction. Girls increased their loudness level during the day, whereas for boys no such change could be observed.

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“…In the second part, the emphasis was on the analysis of AQ and NAQ, using data with large dynamic variation in order to shed light especially on the control of the extremes of the dynamic range. Results from a previous paper [5] were used as a background for the interpretation of the results. Because earlier analyses revealed non-linearities, the 60-dB dynamic range was divided into three 20-dB categories (soft, normal and loud).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

Vilkman

Alku²,

Vintturi

2002

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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In the first part of the study, the subjects (4 females, 4 males) produced sustained breathy, normal and pressed types of phonation. The maximum AC flow (f_ac) and the negative peak amplitude (d_min) of the first derivative of the glottal flow were extracted from glottal volume velocity waveforms estimated by inverse filtering. The ratio between f_ac and d_min (amplitude quotient, AQ), which gives an estimate of the closing time of the glottal flow, and its normalised version (NAQ) were computed. The NAQ values correlated strongly with the closing quotient of glottal flow. In the second part of the study, the aim was to investigate the dynamic extremes of the human voice in terms of F₀, SPL, f_ac, d_min, AQ and NAQ as well as the intraoral pressure (p) used for subglottal pressure estimation. Eleven normal subjects (5 females, 6 males) participated in this experiment. The subjects started with the production of soft phonation (approximately 55 dB at 40 cm) and increased their vocal intensity at 5-dB steps up to the level of 105 dB. At the analysis stage, the voice samples were divided into three categories: soft (<70 dB), normal (70–90 dB) and loud (>90 dB). In soft and normal phonation, intensity change was correlated with changes in the shape of the glottal flow waveform, whereas the loud voice samples showed a large increase in F₀ and p values. At the loudest extreme, d_min approached its maximum and AQ its minimum values and NAQ started to rise. In terms of the NAQ values of stressed syllables, the type of phonation was breathy in the soft intensity category, whereas in the normal and loud intensity categories it was within the range of the pressed type of phonation of sustained phonation samples.

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Measuring the effect of fundamental frequency raising as a strategy for increasing vocal intensity in soft, normal and loud phonation

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Loud Voice and Clear Speech on the Use of Vocal Fry in Women

The Effect of Loud Voice and Clear Speech on the Use of Vocal Fry in Women

Child Voice and Noise: A Pilot Study of Noise in Day Cares and the Effects on 10 Children's Voice Quality According to Perceptual Evaluation

Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

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