“…Student factors associated with lower achievement at varied educational levels include lower ability, poor study strategies (Levin & Levin, 1991;Nist, Mealey, Simpson, & Kroc, 1990;Scott & Robbins, 1985), external locus of control (Findley & Cooper, 1983;Gadzella, Williamson, & Ginther, 1985;McKeachie, Pintrich, Lin, & Smith, 1986;Nelson & Phares, 1971;Ogden & Trice, 1986), and lower self-esteem (Gadzella et al, 1985;House, 1992;Jones & Watson, 1990;Tomlinson, 1989).…”