In a Web-basedgeneral psychology course, students were observed to postpone use of on-line study aids until 2 days prior to examinations, thus negating any influence of advance organizers (Taraban, Maki, & Rynearson, 1999). Weattempted to modify this behavior by providing course credit in the form of short quizzes as rewards for using on-line study aids to preview each chapter. Some students received quizzesafter previewing frequently asked questions (FAQ); other students received quizzes after previewing chapter outlines. Students who received quizzes for previewing FAQ pages accessed those pages more frequently than did students who received quizzes for previewing outline pages. Increased access to FAQs was associated with higher scores on FAQ-related midterm examination questions. However, the advantage on examination items was not apparent on a cumulative final examination. Navigationalstructures and reward values need to be considered when one is managing contingencies in Webcourses.There is now a widespread belief that information technology will improve student learning, increase access to higher education, and even help colleges and universities control costs (e.g., Bork, 1997;Dede, 1996;Twigg, 1999). In parallel, institutions of higher education continue to invest in computers and related technology and are increasingly using such technology to conduct educational activities at a distance. Unfortunately, these developments are outpacing the rate of research on cognitive and behavioral outcomes of technology-mediated education. For example, the authors of recent reviews of hypermedia (Dillon & Gabbard, 1998) and distance learning (Merisotis & Phipps, 1999) could discover few wellcontrolled experiments. The World-Wide Web (Web for short) is a set oftechnologies rooted in both hypermedia and distance learning that is being used for delivery of educational experiences both on and offcampus. Like its parent technologies, the educational use ofthe Web suffers from a lack of well-controlled research. We know rather little about how educational use ofthe Web influences student behaviors and learning outcomes.The study described in this paper is part of a larger research project aimed at providing data on student learning and satisfaction in a Web-based general psychology course (beginning with W. S. Maki & R. H. Maki, 1997 and satisfaction in the Web-based course in comparison with that in a lecture-based course. Students enrolled in a freshman general psychology course were taught with either of two methods. Some of the students were taught with the traditional lecture-test method. The remaining students were taught with materials distributed on the Web in place of lectures. During the academic year, the course was organized into eight Web sections and four lecture-test sections. In each of two semesters, each of two instructors was responsible for two Web sections and one lecture section. Thus, four Web sections and two lecture sections ofthe course were conducted each semester. The textbook and test items we...