Measuring situation awareness in rail signalling

Golightly, David; Balfe, Nora; Sharples, Sarah; Lowe, Emma

doi:10.1201/b12742-43

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, it has been argued that SA is more about coordinating activities between team members and social and material resources than something an individual can possess (Artman and Garbis 1998;Hazlehurst et al 2007). A similar line of thought is presented by Golightly et al (2012) in a study of how well-experienced train traffic controllers can answer questions related to current and future states of elements in a simulated traffic situation. The authors concluded that "information is shared between the 'head' and the 'world' and that signallers may leave information in the display until it is needed" (Golightly et al 2012, p. 368).…”

Section: Research On Train Traffic Controlmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The authors concluded that "information is shared between the 'head' and the 'world' and that signallers may leave information in the display until it is needed" (Golightly et al 2012, p. 368). They also suggest that the notion of constantly "maintaining SA" is likely to be about strategies for acquiring and using information on a timely basis (SA as a "process") rather than maintaining an internal representation of the system's status (Golightly et al 2012).…”

Section: Research On Train Traffic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The coordination between train traffic controllers and train drivers: a distributed cognition perspective on railway

2018

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Although there has long been a call for a holistic systems perspective to better understand real work in the complex domain of railway traffic, prior research has not strongly emphasised the socio-technical perspective. In operational railway traffic, the successful planning and execution of the traffic are the product of the socio-technical system comprised by both train drivers and traffic controllers. This paper presents a study inspired by cognitive ethnography with the aim to characterise the coordinating activities that are conducted by train traffic controllers and train drivers in the work practices of the sociotechnical system of Swedish railway. The theoretical framework of distributed cognition (DCog) is used as a conceptual and analytical tool to make sense of the complex railway domain and the best practices as they are developed and performed "in the wild". The analysis reveals a pattern of collaboration and coordination of actions among the workers and we introduce the concept of enacted actionable practices as a key concern for understanding how a successfully executed railway traffic emerges as a property of the socio-technical system. The implications for future railway research are briefly discussed.

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Section: Research On Train Traffic Controlmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Research On Train Traffic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coordination between train traffic controllers and train drivers: a distributed cognition perspective on railway

2018

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“…Kaber et al, 2006;Endsley & Kaber, 1999), with higher levels of situation awareness potentially improving performance during automation failures (Kaber et al, 2000). Despite the interesting results that have emerged from lab-based studies, situation awareness was not included in this study; this was primarily due to the lack of a validated tool for measurement of situation awareness in the rail signalling environment (Golightly et al, 2012) and the need to first understand which factors should be measured with regard to situation awareness in a signalling context.…”

Section: Effects Of Automationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of automation: Measurement of performance, workload and behaviour in a complex control environment

2015

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This paper describes an experiment that was undertaken to compare three levels of automation in rail signalling; a high level in which an automated agent set routes for trains using timetable information, a medium level in which trains were routed along pre-defined paths, and a low level where the operator (signaller) was responsible for the movement of all trains. These levels are described in terms of a rail automation model based on previous automation theory (Parasuraman, Sheridan, & Wickens, 2000). Performance, subjective workload, and signaller activity were measured for each level of automation running under both normal operating conditions and abnormal, or disrupted, conditions. The results indicate that perceived workload, during both normal and disrupted phases of the experiment, decreased as the level of automation increased and performance was most consistent (i.e. showed the least variation between participants) with the highest level of automation. The results give a strong case in favour of automation, particularly in terms of demonstrating the potential for automation to reduce workload, but also suggest much benefit can achieved from a mid-level of automation potentially at a lower cost and complexity. Impact StatementResearch in the area of automation, and in particular in the examination of human interaction with different levels of automation, has normally been undertaken in Balfe et al, Impact of Automation: Measurement of Performance, Workload and Behaviour in a Complex Control Environment 2 laboratory settings using simple tasks and naïve participants where the level of automation can be easily manipulated. This research was undertaken with expert participants using complex simulation of three ecologically valid levels of automation and provides empirical field validation of some of the results found in laboratory studies.

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Use-Case Informed Task Analysis for Secure and Usable Design Solutions in Rail

Altaf

Faily

Doğan

et al. 2021

Critical Information Infrastructures Security

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Meeting secure and usable design goals needs the combined effort of safety, security and human factors experts. Human factors experts rely on a combination of cognitive and hierarchical task analysis techniques to support their work. We present an approach where usecase specifications are used to support task analysis, and human failure levels help identify design challenges leading to errors or mistakes. We illustrate this approach by prototyping the role of the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) -Signaller, which provides human factors experts a chance to work in collaboration with safety and security design experts.

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Measuring situation awareness in rail signalling

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

The coordination between train traffic controllers and train drivers: a distributed cognition perspective on railway

The coordination between train traffic controllers and train drivers: a distributed cognition perspective on railway

Impact of automation: Measurement of performance, workload and behaviour in a complex control environment

Use-Case Informed Task Analysis for Secure and Usable Design Solutions in Rail

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