Background: Little is known about the clinical impact of simulation-based education (SBE) for hospital nurses. Method: Scoping review methodology was used to examine the impact of nurse SBE programs within six patient safety domains. Results: Twenty-six articles described over 20 education topics. Based on Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation, programs prioritized superficial levels of evaluation: Level 1dReaction, Level 2dLearning. Only seven studies measured Level 3dBehavior change (nurses' performance) or Level 4dResults (impact on patient care).
Conclusion(s):Nurses' CPD programs should include both short-term evaluations and longitudinal measures to detect practice improvements that may advance patient safety.