Measuring Radial Variation in Basic Density of Pendulate Oak: Comparing Increment Core Samples with the IML Power Drill

Tomczak, Karol; Tomczak, Arkadiusz; Jelonek, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/f13040589

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Tomczak et al measured the radial basic density of nine oak trees with an increment corer and IML (Instrumenta Mechanik Labor, Australia) power drill. The results indicated that the determination coefficient of the linear model between the average drill resistance and wood density was 0.396 [40]. Close relationships existed in the regression model between the amplitude of the drilling resistance and wood density in previous research on trees in a breeding program (R 2 > 0.60) [41], lumber and the linear regression model for agarwood (R 2 = 0.25) [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Research on the Wood Density Measurement in Standing Trees through the Micro Drilling Resistance Method

Yao,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Forests

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To achieve a micro-destructive and rapid measurement of the wood density of standing trees, this study investigated the possibility of the unified modeling of multiple tree species, the reliability of the micro drilling resistance method for measuring wood density, the relationship between drilling needle resistance and wood density, and whether moisture content has a significant impact on the model. First, 231 tree cores and drill resistance data were sampled from Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolate, and Cryptomeria fortunei. The basic density and moisture content of each core were measured, and the average value of each resistance data record was calculated. Second, the average drill resistance, the natural logarithm of average drill resistance, and absolute moisture content were used as independent variables, while the basic wood density was used as the dependent variable. Third, the total model of the three tree species and sub-model for each tree species were established through a stepwise regression method. Finally, the accuracy of each model was compared and analyzed with that of using the average basic density of each tree species as an estimated density. The estimated accuracy of the total model, sub model, and average wood density modeling data were 90.070%, 93.865%, and 92.195%, respectively. The results revealed that the estimation accuracy of the sub-model was 1.670 percentage points higher than that of the average wood density modeling data, while the estimation accuracy of the total model was 2.125 percentage points lower than that of the average wood density modeling data. Additionally, except for Cryptomeria fortunei, the natural logarithm of drill resistance significantly influenced the wood density model at a significance level of 0.05. Moreover, moisture content significantly affected the total model and sub-models of Pinus massoniana at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated the feasibility of using the micro-drilling resistance method to measure the wood density of standing trees. Moreover, the relationship between wood density and drill resistance did not follow a linear pattern, and moisture content slightly influenced the drill needle resistance. Furthermore, the establishment of a mathematical model for each tree species was deemed essential. This study provides valuable guidance for measuring the wood density of standing trees through the micro-drilling resistance method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Research on the Wood Density Measurement in Standing Trees through the Micro Drilling Resistance Method

Yao,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…Rinn et al found that the feed resistance of the drill needle does not contain additional important information. Therefore, most scholars have studied the correlation between drill needle rotation resistance and wood density [37][38][39][40]. In order to study the correlation between the feed resistance of drilling needles and wood density, the paper designed a micro drilling instrument that can simultaneously measure the rotation resistance and feed resistance of drilling needles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Design of Tree Micro Drill Instrument to Improve the Accuracy of Wood Density Measurement

Wu¹,

Zheng²,

Rao³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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To improve the measurement accuracy of wood density and study the linear correlation between the drill feed resistance and wood density, a new micro drill instrument that can can simultaneously measure the rotation resistance and feed resistance of the drill needle was designed. The test wood samples included hardwood, softwood and conifer. The absolute dry density of each wood sample was measured. The drill resistance data was tested by using self-developed micro drill instrument and Resistogaph 650-SC. 4 linear models between drill resistance and the absolute dry density of wood . The results showed that: the statistical indicators of each model of the self-made micro drill resistance in-strument were better than the corresponding indicators of Resistogaph 650-SC; the coefficient of determination of the linear regression model between the feed resistance of the self-made micro drill resistance instrument and the absolute dry density of wood was 0.946; the statistical indicators of model including rotation resistance and feed resistance, were better than those of the model only including rotation resistance. Therefor, the design proposed in the article is reasonable, and increasing the feed resistance can improve the measurement accuracy of the micro drill resistance instrument for measuring wood density.

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“…There are an increasing number of studies in the scientific literature utilising the drilling resistance for wood density assessment, predominantly in tree breeding [12][13][14]. Studies have also used the approach to explore longitudinal and radial variation in wood properties within the tree [15][16][17] and silvicultural and environment effects on wood properties [15,18,19]. Work in both softwoods and hardwoods has demonstrated that drilling resistance data correlates strongly at the individual sample level with basic density [8,16,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM

Gendvilas,

Downes,

Lausberg

et al. 2024

Forests

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The IML PD series Resi is a device used to assess the drilling resistance of wood. The IML PD series Resi instrument is being widely adopted for commercial wood quality assessment due to its speed, cost-effectiveness, and precision when combined with web-based trace processing. Collecting Resi data with fixed feed speed and RPM settings is challenging due to inherent basic density variations within and between tree species. Altering these settings affects the drilling resistance amplitude of the Resi data, impacting basic density predictions. This study introduces the concept of chip thickness to combine feed speed and RPM into a single parameter to minimise the effects of different sampling conditions on the basic density predictions. Regression models, with chip thickness as the regressor variable, account for 97% to 99% of variance in mean Resi outerwood amplitude across six species. The demonstrated adaptability of chip thickness for adjusting feed speed and RPM settings, along with species-specific functions correlating it with Resi amplitude, holds promise for standardizing amplitude values across diverse feed speeds and RPM settings. Optimal sampling conditions needed to predict basic density lie within the 30%–40% amplitude range. To drill a ~30 cm diameter tree, the recommended fastest settings were 200 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Southern Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (Engelm) × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéclauze)) and Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata (D. Don.)), 200 cm/min and 2500 RPM for Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii (Mudie)), 50 cm/min and 5000 RPM for Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (F. Muell.)), 200 cm/min and 4500 RPM for White Cypress (Callitris glaucophylla (Thompson & Johnson)), and 150 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Shining Gum (Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden) based on the billets sampled.

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Measuring Radial Variation in Basic Density of Pendulate Oak: Comparing Increment Core Samples with the IML Power Drill

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Research on the Wood Density Measurement in Standing Trees through the Micro Drilling Resistance Method

Research on the Wood Density Measurement in Standing Trees through the Micro Drilling Resistance Method

A Design of Tree Micro Drill Instrument to Improve the Accuracy of Wood Density Measurement

Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM

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