Measuring political will: An index of commitment to disaster risk reduction

Lassa, Jonatan; Surjan, Akhilesh; Caballero-Anthony, Mely; Fisher, Rohan

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.11.006

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…A third of projects take place in the aftermath of disaster, likely attributable to the focus of financial and societal support for disaster response (e.g., Aldrich, 2012). The Sendai Framework for Action advises proactive planning and investment in DRR (UNISDR, 2015), but this is often challenging due to a lack of political commitment to resource DRR efforts for prioritization of other development problems (Lassa et al, 2019). Our mapping shows that most citizen science projects initiated before an event are participatory and collaborative in nature and in general tend to be focused around community-centered activities such as hazard mapping, monitoring or mitigation.…”

Section: Characterization Of Cases By Stage Of the Disaster Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mapping of Citizen Science Projects for Disaster Risk Reduction

et al. 2019

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Citizen science for disaster risk reduction (DRR) holds huge promise and has demonstrated success in advancing scientific knowledge, providing early warning of hazards, and contributed to the assessment and management of impacts. While many existing studies focus on the performance of specific citizen science examples, this paper goes beyond this approach to present a systematic global mapping of citizen science used for DRR in order to draw out broader insights across diverse methods, initiatives, hazards and country contexts. The systematic mapping analyzed a total of 106 cases of citizen science applied to DRR across all continents. Unlike many existing reviews of citizen science initiatives, relevance to the disaster risk context led us to 'open up' our mapping to a broader definition of what might constitute citizen science, including participatory research and narrative-based approaches. By taking a wider view of citizen science and opening up to other disciplinary practices as valid ways of knowing risks and hazards, we also capture these alternative examples and discuss their relevance for aiding effective decision-making around risk reduction. Based on this analysis we draw out lessons for future research and practice of citizen science for DRR including the need to: build interconnections between disparate citizen science methods and practitioners; address multi-dimensionality within and across hazard cycles; and develop principles and frameworks for evaluating citizen science initiatives that not only ensure scientific competence but also attend to questions of equity, responsibility and the empowerment of those most vulnerable to disaster risk.

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Section: Characterization Of Cases By Stage Of the Disaster Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mapping of Citizen Science Projects for Disaster Risk Reduction

et al. 2019

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“…The location of emitting facilities exacerbates the concentration of air pollution, because people who live in or near emitting facilities that emit pollutants are much more sensitive to compared to people who live in a place with few emission sources [18]. The capacity to cope and adapt is understood as the suite of mitigation options to address air pollution, the institutional capacity, and social adaption policies related to vulnerable groups [19]. On this basis of the literature review, we used several data to measure the risk of air pollution as presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Study Area and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Adaptive Pathway to Mitigate Air Pollution Risk for Vulnerable Groups in South Korea

Park

Kim

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Air pollution is one of the most significant environmental hazards. The elderly, young, and poor are more vulnerable to air pollution. The risk of air pollution was assessed based on the risk framework published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in terms of three aspects: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. This study determined the concentrations of hazardous pollutants using satellite images from 2015 at 1 km 2 spatial resolution. In addition, the study identified vulnerable groups who are exposed to hazardous air pollutants. The study highlighted the degree of vulnerability based on environmental sensitivity and institutional abilities, such as mitigation and social adaption policies, using statistical data. Based on the results, Seoul City and Gyeonggi Province have low air pollution risk owing to good institutional abilities, while the western coastal area has the highest air pollution risk. Three adaption pathway scenarios were assessed in terms of the effect of increases in the budget for social adaptation policies on the level of risk. The study found that the risk can be reduced when the social adaptation budget of 2015 base level is increased by 20% in Gyeonggi Province and by 30% in the western coastal area. In conclusion, this risk assessment can support policy-making to target more vulnerable groups based on scientific evidence and to ensure environmental justice at the national level.

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“…The concept of "resilience" has also been used at several levels, including the city, community and individual [9,10]. Researchers have analyzed several aspects of resilience and related activities in many case studies [11][12][13][14][15]. Tiernan et al [10] shows the number of published papers with both words of disaster and resilience in their titles per year since 2000.…”

Section: Resilience In Hazard Researchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Actions and Motivations of a Community during the 2017 Torrential Rains in Northern Kyushu, Japan

Nonomura

Fujisawa

Takahashi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Damage caused by weather events has increased dramatically across the world in recent years. In the case of Japan, record-breaking rainfall has caused devastating damage almost every year since 2014; many people have been killed in these disasters. To better prepare for future heavy rainfalls, we need to discover how to prepare for disasters and mitigate damage by learning from examples in resilient communities. In 2017, torrential rains hit Toho Village in northern Kyushu, and the people as a whole responded well to avoid disastrous outcomes. We studied the actions and motivations of residents of Toho during this rainfall event by conducting semi-structured interviews in November 2017. The interviewees indicated that their motivation for evacuating was “personal observation of the danger” or “communication with neighbors”. Communication within the community was found to be an important factor that enabled the safe evacuation of community members, even without notice of the disaster risk and/or in the absence of timely information from the government because of a power outage. Knowledge of local landforms would be also helpful to reinforce appropriate actions and precautions needed during a disaster.

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Measuring political will: An index of commitment to disaster risk reduction

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Global Mapping of Citizen Science Projects for Disaster Risk Reduction

Global Mapping of Citizen Science Projects for Disaster Risk Reduction

Developing an Adaptive Pathway to Mitigate Air Pollution Risk for Vulnerable Groups in South Korea

Analysis of the Actions and Motivations of a Community during the 2017 Torrential Rains in Northern Kyushu, Japan

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