Measuring Physical Violence and Rape Against Somali Women Using the Neighborhood Method

Parcesepe, Angela M.; Stark, Lindsay; Roberts, Leslie; Boothby, Neil

doi:10.1177/1077801215613852

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, many violence researchers have gravitated to certain high-profile forms of violence, such as rape and sexual abuse by armed groups (Amowitz et al, 2002; Baaz & Stern, 2009). While these forms of violence are undoubtedly serious, the most dangerous environment for women and children in humanitarian settings is often within their own households (Catani, 2010; Parcesepe, Stark, Roberts, & Boothby, 2016; Stark, Warner, Lehmann, Boothby, & Ager, 2013). Yet because the household is generally considered a private sphere, violence between family members remains unmeasured and unexplored (Erikson & Rastogi, 2015; García-Moreno et al, 2015; Kohli et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Interpersonal Violence in the Household in Humanitarian Settings: A Systematic Review

Rubenstein

Macfarlane

et al. 2017

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interpersonal violence against women and children has increasingly been recognized as a public health priority in humanitarian emergencies. However, because the household is generally considered a private sphere, violence between family members remains neglected. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify predictors of household violence in humanitarian emergencies. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from January 1, 1998, to February 16, 2016. A predictor was defined as any individual, household, or community-level exposure that increases or decreases the risk associated with physical, sexual, or emotional interpersonal violence between two or more people living together. All studies reporting on quantitative research were eligible for inclusion. Results were analyzed using qualitative synthesis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed as applicable. The search strategy resulted in 2,587 original records, of which 33 studies met inclusion criteria. Thirty-two of the 33 studies used a cross-sectional design. This was the first known systematic review of predictors of household violence in humanitarian settings. The household framework drew attention to several factors that are associated with violence against both women and children, including conflict exposure, alcohol and drug use, income/economic status, mental health/coping strategies, and limited social support. There is a need for longitudinal research and experimental designs that can better establish temporality between exposures and household violence outcomes, control for confounding, and inform practice. In the interim, programmers and policy makers should try to leverage the predictors identified by this review for integrated violence prevention and response strategies, with the important caveat that ongoing evaluation of such strategies is needed.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Interpersonal Violence in the Household in Humanitarian Settings: A Systematic Review

Rubenstein

Macfarlane

et al. 2017

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This analysis uses survey data from 1180 women reporting on 3744 females in respondent households and 15, 086 females in neighboring households across the four humanitarian settings named above. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select primary respondents for each of the four studies [2,17,18,20]. A trained interviewer approached a selected house and asked to speak to the female head of the household.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our own previously published work on GBV employed secondary reporting in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Uganda [ 17 ], conflict-affected communities in Liberia [ 2 ], Somali refugee camps in Ethiopia [ 18 ], and conflict and tsunami-affected populations in Sri Lanka [ 19 ], but with limited attention to the reliability and validity of the data in comparison to standard self-report. In this article, we explore women’s knowledge and disclosure patterns about experiences of violence and examine whether secondary reporting can assess the magnitude of GBV in a valid and reliable way in conflict and disaster-affected settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the reliability and validity of secondary reporting to measure gender-based violence in conflict and disaster

Stark

Roberts²,

et al. 2020

Confl Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Accurately identifying the magnitude of gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings is hindered by logistical and methodological complexities. The 'Neighborhood Method', an adapted household survey that uses primary and secondary reporting to assess the prevalence of GBV in humanitarian settings, reduces the length of time and cost associated with traditional surveys. Primary female adult respondents disclose incidents of physical violence, intimate and non-intimate partner rape for themselves, other females in their homes (standard reporting) and other women and children in their social networks (secondary reporting). This study examines the reliability and validity of this inclusion of secondary reporting to determine the comparability of the Neighborhood Method to a traditional survey approach. Methods: Drawing on data from 1180 women reporting on 3744 females in respondent households and 15,086 in neighboring households across four humanitarian settings (Ethiopia/ Somalia, Liberia, Sri Lanka, and Uganda), reliability of secondary reporting was measured through intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen's kappas. Validity was assessed using two-sample z-tests for differences between standard versus secondary reporting. Results: Prevalence estimates comparing a respondent's household with a neighboring household show closer agreement (ICC: 0.999-0.986) than self-reports vs. secondary reporting on a female counterpoint in a neighboring home (ICC: 0.939-0.98). Kappa statistics analyzing the reliability of two separate neighbors reporting on a third neighbor showed moderate agreement beyond chance alone (κ = 0.45 for physical violence and 0.48 for rape). Prevalence rates corresponded between standard and secondary reports (i.e. showed no statistical difference) in 18 out of 24 compared populations. Conclusions: For prevalence of GBV, secondary reporting about neighbors can serve as a useful adjunct to standard survey methodology. Findings offer important initial insights into the consistency and accuracy of secondary reporting as a tool for field epidemiologists in humanitarian settings.

show abstract

“…To achieve a more comprehensive approach, the field of public health frequently uses mixed methods. Myriad examples in the public health literature show how complex research questions can be answered effectively through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods [27,[68][69][70][71].…”

Section: Measurement In Public Health: Strengths and Potential Pitfallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing the Prevention of Child-Family Separation: The Value of a Public Health Approach to Measurement and Action

Mansourian¹

2020

Int. J. Child Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disaster-affected children are among the most vulnerable populations and face a wide range of threats to their health and wellbeing. One of the most significant risks to children is separation from their family, a problem that occurs in most humanitarian contexts. Because separation can have lasting adverse consequences for children's health and wellbeing, child protection actors frequently develop programs to respond to the needs of separated children. However, methods to measure prevalence, characteristics, and root causes of separation are scarce and rarely deployed in humanitarian settings. Existing measurement and programmatic approaches focus primarily on responding to already separated children and give little attention to the prevention of separation at a population level, the context and prevalence of separation, and the root causes of separation. Analyzing how a public health approach helps to fill these gaps, this paper presents a systematic, conceptual and practical case for incorporating a public health approach in the measurement of and programming for separation of children in humanitarian settings. It argues that a population-level, preventive approach to measurement and programming will complement the more common case-based, responsive approach to separation of children and enables children's well-being amidst adversity.

show abstract

Measuring Physical Violence and Rape Against Somali Women Using the Neighborhood Method

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Predictors of Interpersonal Violence in the Household in Humanitarian Settings: A Systematic Review

Predictors of Interpersonal Violence in the Household in Humanitarian Settings: A Systematic Review

Evaluating the reliability and validity of secondary reporting to measure gender-based violence in conflict and disaster

Prioritizing the Prevention of Child-Family Separation: The Value of a Public Health Approach to Measurement and Action

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About