Measuring palliative care integration in Malawi through service provision, access, and training indicators: the Waterloo Coalition Initiative

Abstract

Background Fewer than 1 in 20 people on the African continent in need of palliative care receive it. Malawi is a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa that has yet to achieve advanced palliative care integration accompanied by unrestricted access to pain and symptom relieving palliative medicines. This paper studied the impact of Malawi’s Waterloo Coalition Initiative (WCI) – a local project promoting palliative care integration through service development, staff training, and increased service access. Methods Interdisciplinary health professionals at 13 hospitals in southern Malawi were provided robust palliative care training over a 10-month period. We used a cross-sectional evaluation to measure palliative care integration based on 11 consensus-based indicators over a one-year period. Results 92% of hospitals made significant progress in all 11 indicators. Specifically, there was a 69% increase in the number of dedicated palliative care rooms/clinics, a total of 253 staff trained across all hospitals (a 220% increase in the region), substantive increases in the number of patients receiving or assessed for palliative care, and the number of hospitals that maintained access to morphine or other opioid analgesics while increasing the proportion of referrals to hospice or other palliative care programs. Conclusion Palliative care is a component of universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3. The WCI has made tremendous strides in establishing and integrating palliative care services in Malawi with notable progress across 11 project indicators, demonstrating that increased palliative care access is possible in severely resource-constrained settings through sustained models of partnership at the local level.

Palliative care national plan implementation through stakeholder analysis

“…Nonetheless, it is foreseeable that this strategy will have a significant impact on the implementation of the national plan, as it addresses the failures observed in previous experiences of forming collaboration networks in other countries [ 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, since the latest mapping of palliative care national plans worldwide [ 5 ], additional low-middle-income nations such as Jordan [ 27 ], Malawi [ 28 ], Benin [ 29 ], and Saudi Arabia [ 30 ], among others, have established or begun building their palliative care national plans. These countries may benefit from our methodology to characterize their stakeholders and advance the implementation of their own palliative care plans.…”