Measuring of Subjective and Objective Aesthetics in Planning and Urban Design

Abstract

The article includes the concept of aesthetics through what has been dealt with in the literature by philosophers and researchers who have addressed this concept in an attempt to derive indicators of aesthetics. The article adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing recent literature on the concept of aesthetics and its relation to urban planning and design issues. Many subjective and objective aesthetics indicators have been identified, some of which are classified under real aesthetics, and some under fake aesthetics. The indicators were applied to the Kufa Mosque complex and Sahla Mosque complex as a comparative case study. It was found that the indicators of real aesthetics have a higher weight in determining the final aesthetic judgment on the complex form versus the fake indicators, which in turn reinforced the weighting of the subjective aspect over the objective. This was consistent with the answer to the question directed to the sample about which complexes are more aesthetic. The answer was that the Kufa Mosque complex is most aesthetically. This was proven by the questions directed in the questionnaire, which outweighed the real aesthetic indicators for the Kufa Mosque complex. As for the results of analyzing the indicators of fake aesthetic were equal, as each complex achieved higher values in three indicators. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091743 Full Text: PDF

Identifying and Measuring Biophilic Planning Indicators in Riverside Neighborhoods

“…The building's harmony with its natural surroundings, green areas, waterways, or sea views nearby, will generate a set of sensations that can stimulate other mental activities [16]. It was also found that inspiration from nature is one of the indicators of beauty in planning and urban design [17]. In this sense, and according to literary reviews, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon may be the first and oldest biophilic model in the world, which meets all the principles and patterns of Biophilic design [18].…”

Evaluating of Urban Space Vitality: The Role of Safety, Security, and Urban Planning in the Religion Center of Kufa City, Iraq

“…The traditional city of Najaf represents one of the important historical Iraqi cities, carrying many spiritual and religious values. These religious values, in addition to the social interaction and harmony between space users in this city, have led to a great deal of safety, in addition to some physical measures related to city planning [48,49].…”

Structural Equation Modeling of Urban Design and Sustainability in Najaf's Traditional Urban Context

“…• Social and economic inclusion: The trend seeks to achieve more efficient economic activities and benefits positively by creating a place to focus activities close to each other and resolving the tension between the complex and the place to spread economic prosperity and social stability. Densities with high population densities promote the creation of more jobs, the reduction of unemployment and poverty, and the provision of a high-quality standard of living by lowering family travel costs and raising income to get to a self-sufficient metropolis (Al-Salam et al, 2021;Woo, 2021), as shown in Table 1.…”