Measuring Muslim Spirituality: Relationships of Muslim Experiential Religiousness with Religious and Psychological Adjustment in Iran

Abstract

Spirituality based on a Muslim perspective centers on loving submission and closeness to God. A 15-item Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scale operationalized this definition of spirituality in a sample of 627 Iranian university and Islamic seminary students. Muslim Experiential Religiousness correlated positively with Intrinsic and Extrinsic Personal Religious Orientations, Muslim Attitudes toward Religion, and Satisfaction with Life, and negatively with Anxiety and Depression. This new instrument also displayed incremental validity over religious orientation and Muslim attitude scales, and an ability to explain variance in the relationships of these measures with other variables. Islamic seminarians scored higher on Muslim Experiential Religiousness than more general university students, and this scale mediated contrasts between these two student groups. In short, the Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scale demonstrated a clear potential for assessing Muslim spirituality and thus for advancing a Muslim psychology of religion.

Muslim Work Ethics: Relationships with Religious Orientations and the “Perfect Man” (Ensān-e Kāmel) in Managers and Staff in Iran

“…Family and social order in a previous study explained at least 50% of the variance in each of these other extrinsic cultural constructs (Ghorbani et al 2010). On the other hand, a project-in-progress will examine Iranian university students, Islamic seminarians, and office workers and will demonstrate that the intrinsic but not the extrinsic personal religious orientation correlates positively though not strongly with both integrative self-knowledge and self-control and that both orientations predict greater integrative self-knowledge when Muslim spirituality is high and lower self-knowledge when Muslim spirituality is low (Ghobani et al 2017). The suggestion across these studies is that the extrinsic cultural religious orientation may be critically important in efforts to understand the "perfect man" and that the relevance of other religious motivations may be weaker and more complex.…”

Is buying counterfeit sinful? Investigation of consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of counterfeit products in a Muslim country

“…In the particular context of Muslim countries, spirituality infers religiosity and vice versa. In line with this view, Ghorbani, Watson, Geranmayepour, and Chen () stipulate that spirituality for a Muslim centers on loving submission and closeness to God. Also, Nasr (cited in Bonab, Miner, & Proctor, ) contends that Islamic spirituality mainly refers to the strong relationship individuals have with their Creator and which affects their self‐worth, sense of meaning, and connectedness with others and nature.…”

20201218

“…The data gathered from 1,279 Muslim women indicated good psychometric properties. Ghorbani, Watson, Geranmayepour, and Chen (2014) administered the 15-item Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scale to 627 Iranian university and Islamic seminary students. Authors found that Muslim Experiential Religiousness had a positive correlation with other factors such as Intrinsic and Extrinsic Personal Religious Orientations, Muslims Attitudes toward Religion, and Satisfaction with Life, and a negative correlation with Depression and Anxiety.…”