Measuring Melatonin in Humans

Benloucif, Susan; Burgess, Helen J.; Klerman, Elizabeth B.; Lewy, Alfred J.; Middleton, Benita; Murphy, Patricia; Parry, Barbara L.; Revell, Victoria L.

doi:10.5664/jcsm.27083

Cited by 402 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, we had no evidence of stressful events, based on either cortisol levels, through conversations we had with the officers at the laboratory, or other information we had access to. Another limitation is that urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion was assessed in the presence of room light that could have suppressed nocturnal melatonin levels (47). However, room light was used in an effort to mimic light/dark conditions to which shift workers are naturally exposed, and thus, this has important practical implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Koshy¹,

Cuesta²,

Boudreau³

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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Working atypical schedules leads to temporal misalignments between a worker's rest‐activity cycle and their endogenous circadian system. Several studies have reported disturbed centrally controlled rhythms, but little is known on shift workers' peripheral clocks. Here, we assessed central clock markers, urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin and salivary cortisol, and clock gene expression in 2 peripheral clocks, oral mucosa cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in 11 police officers. Before working 7 consecutive nights, officers' centrally controlled rhythms were aligned to a day‐oriented schedule. These rhythms were partially realigned to the shifted schedule and dampened after a week working nights. For peripheral clocks at baseline, Period (PER)1–3 and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV‐ERBα) in oral mucosa cells had a significant mRNA peak in the afternoon, whereas in PBMCs, higher PER1–3 expression was observed at 10:00 compared with 19:30. After a week working nights, PER1–3 and REV‐ERBα expression in oral mucosa cells lost rhythmicity, and in PBMCs, the morning/evening difference observed at baseline was lost. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the disruption of several peripheral clocks in real shift workers. Molecular circadian disturbances are believed to have important clinical implications for the occurrence of shift work–associated medical disorders.—Koshy, A., Cuesta, M., Boudreau, P., Cermakian, N., Boivin, D. B. Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night. FASEB J. 33, 6789–6800 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Koshy¹,

Cuesta²,

Boudreau³

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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“…This study emphasizes the differences between melatonin content and total antioxidant capacity in humans, compared to those measured in vitro for foods. Wolfe et al [50] explored the in vitro ORAC assay of a wide range of fruits. Surprisingly, banana and pineapple showed very low antioxidant capacity, and orange, only moderate, and all three fruit had low polyphenol content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum melatonin levels and antioxidant capacities after consumption of pineapple, orange, or banana by healthy male volunteers

Saeteaw

Johns

et al. 2012

Journal of Pineal Research

147

101

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Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule biosynthesized by the pineal gland of vertebrates; it also has been identified in many plants. It is considered an important antioxidant and may retard the development of some neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Previous studies in humans have measured melatonin metabolites in urine and have indicated that melatonin-containing foods may provide dietary melatonin. This study tested whether the consumption of fruits or fruit juice containing melatonin would influence the serum melatonin concentration and antioxidant status. In this crossover study, 12 healthy male volunteers took either juice extracted from one kilogram of orange or pineapple or two whole bananas, with a 1-wk washout period between the fruit or fruit juices. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay was used to determine the serum melatonin concentration. Serum antioxidant capacity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The highest serum melatonin concentration was observed at 120 min after fruit consumption, and compared with before consumption levels, their values were significantly increased for pineapple (146 versus 48 pg/mL P = 0.002), orange (151 versus 40 pg/mL, P = 0.005), and banana (140 versus 32 pg/mL, P = 0.008), respectively. Serum antioxidant capacity following fruit consumption also significantly increased in both the FRAP (7-14% increase, P ≤ 0.004) and ORAC (6-9% increase, P = 0.002) assays. Both the serum FRAP and ORAC values strongly correlated with serum melatonin concentration for all three fruits. These findings suggest that tropical fruit consumption increases the serum melatonin concentrations and also raises the antioxidant capacity in the serum of healthy volunteers in proportion to serum melatonin levels.

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“…92 The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates the release of melatonin from the pineal gland to regulate the sleep/ wake cycle. 93 It has an intrinsic rhythm of 23.81 to 24.31 hours [94][95][96] and is synchronised to the solar day, in a process called photoentrainment, by ipRGC cell input, which encodes the environmental light levels. 3,4 This has been confirmed in mice lacking rods, cones, ipRGCs or all photoreceptive cells.…”

Section: Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell Contributmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin retinal ganglion cell contributions to the pupillary light reflex and circadian rhythm

Markwell

Feigl

Zele

2010

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

120

167

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Recently discovered intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin retinal ganglion cells contribute to the maintenance of pupil diameter, recovery and post-illumination components of the pupillary light reflex and provide the primary environmental light input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus for photoentrainment of the circadian rhythm. This review summarises recent progress in understanding intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell histology and physiological properties in the context of their contribution to the pupillary and circadian functions and introduces a clinical framework for using the pupillary light reflex to evaluate inner retinal (intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin ganglion cell) and outer retinal (rod and cone photoreceptor) function in the detection of retinal eye disease.

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Measuring Melatonin in Humans

Cited by 402 publications

References 11 publications

Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Serum melatonin levels and antioxidant capacities after consumption of pineapple, orange, or banana by healthy male volunteers

Intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin retinal ganglion cell contributions to the pupillary light reflex and circadian rhythm

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