Measuring malnutrition: needs a comprehensive indicator

Akhade, Kiran Swapnil

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175793

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For the promotion of children's optimal growth, health and behavioural development, early childhood is a critical window. 3 For the developing countries including India, malnutrition and growth retardation are most common health and nutritional problems. PEM is the most fatal form of malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anthropometric indicators in malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Gujarat, India

Patel¹,

Upadhyay²

2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: It is very difficult to recognize the cases with mild-to-moderate malnutrition because clinical criteria for their diagnosis are imprecise and are difficult to interpret accurately. The objective of the study was daily weight gain in gram/kg/day in severely malnourished children.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in which total of 114 consecutive patients of SAM less than 5 years treated for complications of severe acute malnutrition using WHO protocol. The study design included 114 children from the NRC and then followed up the period of 6 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stage and the entire follow up period using available record of anthropometry indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the NRC.Results: Mean weight at admission was 6.4 Kg, 6.5 Kg and 6.2 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean weight at discharge was 6.8 Kg, 6.7 Kg and 6.6 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at admission was 10.7 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.6 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at discharge was 10.9 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.8 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively.Conclusions: For treatment of severe acute malnutrition, systematic guidelines required, thus this study indicates that following WHO guidelines, it has become easier to manage SAM in hospital settings, with least possible stay at hospital. The objective of the study was to know the effect of nutritional intervention measures on selected anthropometric indicators of severe acute malnourished children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anthropometric indicators in malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Gujarat, India

Patel¹,

Upadhyay²

2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…This will be helpful in formulating programmes for the prevention of nutrition-related problems and designing strategies to meet WHA nutritional targets by 2025 and SDG by 2030. Three types of undernutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) are used holistically to assess childhood nutritional status reflecting different biological processes and are essential in tailoring different interventions (2,20,21) . Stunting, a sign of chronic undernutrition, is caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake and repeated infections, whereas wasting is a measure of acute undernutrition as the result of acute food shortage or illness (2,21) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Can Nepal achieve nutritional targets by 2030? A trend analysis of childhood undernutrition in Nepal from 2001 to 2016

Adhikari

Zhou²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of childhood undernutrition from 2001 to 2016 and estimate projections of undernutrition for 2016–2030 in Nepal. Design: The study used data from four rounds of a cross-sectional survey of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. Descriptive analyses were conducted to calculate prevalence, binary logistic regression was used to test the significance of trends over time, and autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to forecast the prevalence of childhood undernutrition. Settings: The children and household member datasets from four NDHSs were merged to assess the trends of childhood undernutrition in Nepal. Participants: A total of 16, 613 children (8399 male and 8214 female) under five years of age were selected for anthropometric measurements using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Results: Overall results show a decline in prevalence of stunting from 57.2% to 35.8% (p<0.001), underweight from 42.7% to 27% (p<0.001), and wasting from 11.2% to 9.7% (p<0.05) from 2001 to 2016. However, different population sub-groups have a higher prevalence of undernutrition than national average. Further, the analyses show that the prevalence of stunting will decline to 14.3% and wasting to 8.4% by 2030. Conclusion: A remarkable decrease in the prevalence of stunting and underweight has been observed over the last fifteen years. Nepal is likely to achieve the nutritional targets for stunting but not for wasting by 2030. Given large sub-population variations, further improvement in undernutrition require more specific, targeted, and localized programs.

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“…Moreover, poor sanitation and unsafe water supplies contribute to high rates of communicable and non-communicable diseases among slum-dwellers, affecting intestinal absorption of micro-nutrients and reducing appetite. This suggests that the prevalence of undernutrition among under-fives living in slum areas in India is higher still than the national average, but data from urban settings are heterogenous [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] or not applicable because they describe findings in other age groups 13,14 and/or rural settings. 15 To date, diagnostic and treatment guidelines endorsed by the World Health Organization have focused on reducing mortality associated with acute severe and moderate malnutrition (wasting), but few studies have produced guidance on re-establishing healthy growth in stunted children, and further research in this area is urgently needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of undernutrition and effectiveness of a community-based nutritional support programme to reverse stunting among children under five years of age in an urban slum in Kolkata, India: findings of a one-year longitudinal study

Scopazzini

Raoult

Kuruttuparambil

et al. 2021

Journal of Global Health Reports

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BackgroundStunting, defined as z-score height-for-age (HAZ) < -2, is an important contributor to the burden of childhood undernutrition among slum-dwelling residents in India's metropolitan areas. Calcutta Rescue (CR) is a non-governmental organisation that provides medical care and nutritional support to slum-dwellers in Kolkata, India. CR undertook a study in Liluah Bhagar, an urban slum, to 1) establish the prevalence of undernutrition among children under five years of age, 2) evaluate the impact of a pilot nutritional support programme on growth patterns of a consecutively selected group of stunted children, and 3) identify socio-economic predictors of stunting. MethodsFor the prevalence assessment (April-June 2018), we conducted anthropometric measurements using standardised World Health Organization (WHO) growth measurements for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WFH). For the longitudinal study, we recruited stunted children and collected anthropomorphic data every three months for one year (December 2018-December 2019). ResultsThe prevalence assessment of 116 children revealed 59% of stunting, 44% underweight and 12% of wasting. Follow-up of 42 stunted children in a pilot nutritional programme improved stunting over time (b =0.07, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.039, P<0.001), with a trend towards clinical improvement at one year. Linear mixed model analysis revealed household income was a negative predictor of stunting (b =-0.38, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.09, P=0.010). ConclusionsThis study highlights the burden of undernutrition in marginalised slum-dwelling children in India and the benefits of a pragmatic, education-focused nutritional intervention programme. Further studies are required to determine what predictors other than income are associated with stunting to then determine what interventions are likely to effect long-lasting and sustainable changes to growth in this vulnerable population.Childhood undernutrition, which includes underweight (low weight-for-age, or WAZ), wasting (low weight-forheight, WFH), stunting (low height-for-age, or HAZ) and micronutrient deficiencies, is a persisting problem in India where the national under-five prevalence of wasting (20.8%) and stunting (37.9%) is higher than the developing country average of 8.9% and 25%, respectively. 1 Undernutrition in early childhood has far reaching consequences: recent data indicate that malnutrition is the sin-gle biggest contributing risk factor in up to 68.7% of deaths in children aged 5 years and under. 2 Other studies have linked undernutrition and stunting in early childhood to impaired cognitive development, increased risk of disease, and suboptimal productivity in later life. [2][3][4][5] Whilst sustained economic growth in the last 20 years has lifted millions out of poverty in India, persisting social inequalities contribute to a high burden of poverty-related illnesses that are particularly marked in urban slums. 5,6 Scopazzini MS, Raoult V, Kuruttuparambil S, Sulkers E. Prevalence of undernutrition and effe...

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Measuring malnutrition: needs a comprehensive indicator

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of anthropometric indicators in malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Gujarat, India

Evaluation of anthropometric indicators in malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Gujarat, India

Can Nepal achieve nutritional targets by 2030? A trend analysis of childhood undernutrition in Nepal from 2001 to 2016

Prevalence of undernutrition and effectiveness of a community-based nutritional support programme to reverse stunting among children under five years of age in an urban slum in Kolkata, India: findings of a one-year longitudinal study

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