Measuring individual differences in affective, heuristic, and holistic intuition

Pretz, Jean E.; Totz, Kathryn Sentman

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015

Cited by 85 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In doing this, it might be useful to make a distinction between "rational, logical" thinking and "abstract, conceptual" thinking. The rational favourability sub-scale of Epstein's REI has been found to load positively on both of these types of rational thinking (Pretz and Totz 2007) and given our results this could raise the question which of the two (or both) is related to diagnostic accuracy. When speculating that "abstract, conceptual" thinking is responsible for the negative association with diagnostic accuracy, it could be reasoned that this shares a common characteristic with thinking about a prototypical client and forming a general picture or coming to an interpretation or explanation of the client's complaints.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Associations between psychologists’ thinking styles and accuracy on a diagnostic classification task

et al. 2012

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The present study investigated whether individual differences between psychologists in thinking styles are associated with accuracy in diagnostic classification. We asked novice and experienced clinicians to classify two clinical cases of clients with two co-occurring psychological disorders. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy was found between the two groups, but when combining the data from novices and experienced psychologists accuracy was found to be negatively associated with certain decision making strategies and with a higher self-assessed ability and preference for a rational thinking style. Our results underscore the idea that it might be fruitful to look for explanations of differences in the accuracy of diagnostic judgments in individual differences between psychologists (such as in thinking styles or decision making strategies used), rather than in experience level. Keywords Diagnostic classification · Thinking style · Decision makingClinical psychologists make multiple decisions and judgments in the process of helping people with psychological disorders (Garb 2005). Of these, diagnosing or diagnostic classification of a client's problems is a very important judgment since it will influence the clinical hypotheses and explanations generated, the formulations of prognoses and eventually the treatment recommendations made (Vermande et al. 1996).It has been suggested that consulting the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association 2000), which provides explicit and specific criteria for the diagnosis of the different disorders, is related to greater reliability, fewer biases and less under-and over-diagnosing than when classification is done without using such checklists (see Garb 1998). Yet diagnostic classification is not always done by comparing the client's symptoms to DSM-criteria. For instance, it has been found that experienced psychologists compare clients to prototypes (Garb 1996), that the construction of causal relations between symptoms may influence diagnostic classification (Kim and Ahn 2002) and that diagnosing disorders may involve the use of intuition (Srivastava and Grube 2009).In previous research concerning the accuracy of psychologists' judgments and decisions, a comparison has often been made between novices and experienced psychologists. In many such studies no significant differences in accuracy are found between these groups (e.g., see Garb 1998). A recent meta-analysis by Spengler et al. (2009) suggests that there is a small but reliable effect (d = 0.15) in favour of experienced clinicians. As the authors point out, this implies that very large samples are needed to have enough power to find significant results, which may be especially difficult with this group. Regardless of this, given this small effect size the authors raise the question whether experience is the best predictor of judgment accuracy. They call for more research into individual differences between psychologists, aside from their exper...

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Associations between psychologists’ thinking styles and accuracy on a diagnostic classification task

et al. 2012

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“…The first is to use correlation and regression analysis on the unadjusted continuous rational and experiential scales, termed continuous scale analysis (Burns & D'Zurilla, 1999;Epstein et al, 1996;Pretz & Totz, 2007 (Berger, 2007;Shiloh, Salton & Sharabi, 2000) termed quadrant sorting analysis. However, for reasons described below, the primary mode of analysis undertaken in the present study required the development of a novel scale.…”

Section: Mode Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

Gunnell

Ceci

2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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''Cognitive Experiential Self Theory'' (CEST) postulates that information-processing proceeds through two pathways, a rational one and an experiential one. The former is characterized by an emphasis on analysis, fact, and logical argument, whereas the latter is characterized by emotional and personal experience. We examined whether individuals influenced by the experiential system (E-processors) are more susceptible to extralegal biases (e.g. defendant attractiveness) than those influenced by the rational system (R-processors). Participants reviewed a criminal trial transcript and defendant profile and determined verdict, sentencing, and extralegal susceptibility. Although Eprocessors and R-processors convicted attractive defendants at similar rates, Eprocessors were more likely to convict less attractive defendants. Whereas R-processors did not sentence attractive and less attractive defendants differently, E-processors gave more lenient sentences to attractive defendants and harsher sentences to less attractive defendants. E-processors were also more likely to report that extralegal factors would change their verdicts. Further, the degree to which emotionality trumped rationality within an individual, as measured by a novel scoring method, linearly correlated with harsher sentences and extralegal influence. In sum, the results support an ''unattractive harshness'' effect during guilt determination, an attraction leniency effect during sentencing and increased susceptibility to extralegal factors within E-processors.

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“…Such is the intensity of these demands that organisational science has increasingly turned its attention to the intuitive (as opposed to information intensive) decision processes employed by decision-makers in plotting strategic courses. However, intuition as a basis for decision-making manifests itself in a diverse array of styles (Pretz & Totz, 2007). And it seems likely that not all forms of intuitive tendencies lend themselves to a team decision-making context that is cohesive, and as such decisions that are strategically coherent.…”

Section: Decision-making Processes In the Team Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intuitive decision-making and deep level diversity in entrepreneurial ICT teams

Organ

O'Flaherty

2016

Journal of Decision Systems

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Business information systems, university college cork, cork, ireland ABSTRACT Intuition, which ranges in style from affective to inferential to holistic (Pretz et al. 2014) can play a central role in decision-making, as decision makers must often balance intuition with rational analytical thinking. This paper explores the influence of intuition based decision style diversity on both the emergence of transactive memory systems (TMS) and team performance in an entrepreneurial setting. The uncertainty of an entrepreneurial setting leads to a greater emphasis on intuitive thinking in the team context. However, intuition as a basis for decision-making manifests itself in a variety of forms. And not all forms of intuitive tendencies lend themselves to a team decisionmaking context that is cohesive, or to decisions that are strategically coherent. Given that a diversity of intuitive tendencies is likely to be found in every team setting, and as such may exert a considerable influence on the decision-making process, we develop hypotheses in order to investigate the nature of this influence. Drawing on data collected from 188 participants across 22 countries and split into 48 entrepreneurial ICT teams, our findings show strong support for the influence of intuitive decision style diversity on both team level states and team performance. The explanatory model developed has significant implications for contemporary understanding of decisionmaking teams, deep-level diversity, the entrepreneurial process, and TMS research.

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Measuring individual differences in affective, heuristic, and holistic intuition

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Associations between psychologists’ thinking styles and accuracy on a diagnostic classification task

Associations between psychologists’ thinking styles and accuracy on a diagnostic classification task

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

Intuitive decision-making and deep level diversity in entrepreneurial ICT teams

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