Measuring Human Skin Colour

Wang, M; Xiao, Kaida; Wuerger, Sophie; Cheung, Tlv; Luo, Bin

doi:10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00041

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Indeed, contact measurement tools are known to lead to a redder color due to the pressure applied to the skin, whereas in general, noncontact measurements lead to a darker measured color, with good agreement in hue angle. 31 Moreover, for hygienic concerns, it seems crucial to develop noninvasive contactless measurement tools, especially for lip investigation.…”

Section: Visia-cr ® Spectrophotometer Spectraface ®mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lip color measurement: A new hyperspectral imaging device

Vergnaud,

Cherel,

Francois

et al. 2023

Skin Research and Technology

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IntroductionThe lips are of significant interest among the facial features for self‐perception and social interactions. Such perceptions could rely in part upon the contrast in color between the lips and the surrounding skin. In contrast to skin color, lip color ethnic diversity measurement provides a challenge and is less documented in the literature, most likely due primarily to challenges in measurement based upon the lip characteristics of size and contour. Accurate measurement and reproduction of lip color are essential to build strong cross‐sectional knowledge about lip color.ObjectiveThis preliminary experiment of a large‐scale project on lip and skin color was designed to assess accuracy in lip color measurement and recommend instruments and protocols for good measurement practice.MethodsThe study involved 19 healthy French Caucasian women. Their inferior and superior natural lip color was measured twice with three devices in order to extract the standard colorimetric parameters of lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (h): the VISIA‐CR® (high‐resolution digital camera, Canfield Scientific Inc.); the spectrophotometer VS3200 (45°:0° spectrophotometer, MetaVue™ VS3200, X‐Rite Inc.); and the SpectraFace® (new hyperspectral imaging system, Newtone Technologies). The intercomparison and color distribution between the different instruments and the measurement repeatability of each one were assessed.ResultsOur results showed a reliable and equivalent repeatability for the three tested instruments. Moreover, the three tools led to the same conclusion regarding lip color heterogeneity (lighter, redder, less yellow and more saturated inferior lip versus superior lip). Agreement between the SpectraFace® and the spectrophotometer measurements was higher, and the SpectraFace® allowed to identify three separated lip color typologies.ConclusionIn conclusion, the combination of imaging technology and hyperspectral measurement makes the SpectraFace® a useful tool to investigate lip color characterization and establish a large‐scale cross‐sectional knowledge study about lip color.

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Section: Visia-cr ® Spectrophotometer Spectraface ®mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lip color measurement: A new hyperspectral imaging device

Vergnaud,

Cherel,

Francois

et al. 2023

Skin Research and Technology

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“…[1][2][3][4] Physical colorimeters or spectrophotometers are the current gold standard to objectively quantify skin color independently from race or ethnicity. [5][6][7] These tools, however, must be used in person with the patient present. Data collection is limited by expensive equipment, timing, transportation, and prospective planning.…”

Section: The App: the Skin Analyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method to Determine Patient Skin Type: The Skin Analyzer

Mohamed,

Koussayer,

Randolph

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Summary: Measuring skin color for medical research in an objective and nonbiased manner usually requires expensive equipment such as spectrophotometry and requires the subject to be present in person. We present a novel method to measure skin color from photographs using the Skin Analyzer application as a more effective, accessible, and efficient alternative. A desktop application, the Skin Analyzer, was developed to convert skin samples collected from digital images to the L*a*b color space and uses those values to calculate an individual typology angle that correlates to a Fitzpatrick skin type. To assess accuracy in variable lighting, six known colors representing the six Fitzpatrick skin types were printed and photographed in 15 separate locations within the hospital. To account for user variability in sample selection, interrater reliability was calculated with data generated by 13 untrained users testing the app on six subjects. The accuracy of measuring known values, which is the classification accuracy, was calculated to be 80%. Krippendorff alpha test was used to evaluate interrater reliability. The obtained alpha of 0.84 indicates a high interrater reliability. The high accuracy and reliability make the Skin Analyzer a suitable method of objectively determining Fitzpatrick skin type from images. The app may be used to investigate the effects of skin tone in various areas of interest, especially in retrospective studies where skin colorimeters cannot be used.

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“…Simultaneously though, some of these concepts can overlap, one can be of a different ethnicity and have different somatic characteristics typical of a different geographic area (Wang et al, 2015;Xiao et al, 2016). But they can also only present racial traits that do not have much to do with their actual culture (Pierre, 2004).…”

Section: Converging Factors: Disadvantages and Social Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A capability-driven path to well-being: cases of community-based education in rural Indonesia

Ciarla

2023

Preprint

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Global challenges call for changes in collective action. This is believed to be achievable through the creation of a shared knowledge society, whereby knowledge is defined as improved capacity for action. Unequal access to education, however, is persisting worldwide, creating obstacles to necessary mobilisations. Asymmetrical shifts in rural demographics due to what is often perceived as low-opportunity areas, exacerbate the relevance of the territorial dimension in this process. Community-based education can function as a buffer to such inequalities and empower communities through the creation of collective capabilities. Indonesia presents a peculiar social structure, with strong community linkages and yet tangible education inequalities. However, little research seems to be available regarding these interlinks, creating a gap in the literature that would otherwise help better understand the matter. By drawing from the Capability Approach literature and creating a blended theoretical framework that accounts for different levels of influence (macro, meso, and micro) to education inequalities, an explanatory multiple-case study analysis is proposed, to determine how and why three selected community-based education centres operate to create collective capabilities while serving different levels of rurality in South Sulawesi, East Java, and West Nusa Tenggara. A generative approach to social innovation is found as the underlying strategy in trying to address perceived conversion factors to educational equality.

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Measuring Human Skin Colour

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Lip color measurement: A new hyperspectral imaging device

Lip color measurement: A new hyperspectral imaging device

A Novel Method to Determine Patient Skin Type: The Skin Analyzer

A capability-driven path to well-being: cases of community-based education in rural Indonesia

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