Measuring health expenditures and outcomes in saarc region: health is a luxury?

Hassan, Syeda Anam; Zaman, Khalid; Zaman, Sajid; Shabir, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9844-2

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The findings contradict Hassan et. al [ 14 ] but in line with what have been found in Dreger and Reimers [ 5 ], Mehrara et. al [ 6 ] and Penas et.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Our finding is different from that of Hassan et. al [ 14 ] which suggested health care as luxury products for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. However, the latter study has ignored the issue of cross correlation which may mislead the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Hassan et. al (2014) [ 14 ] South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), 1995–2010 Panel Data, Panel Unit Root Test, Panel Cointegration, Panel Long Run Estimation HCE are Luxury Goods in SAARC Countries Penas et. al (2013) 31 OECD Countries, 1970–2009 Panel Data, Panel Unit Root, LSDV and NLLS Estimation Difference in Short term and Long Term Elasticities, Long run Elasticity is close to unity Jewell et.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years only Hassan et. al [ 14 ] analysed this relation using South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries’ experience. One major limitation of many of the previous studies is that of using a single year of data to obtain cross-country estimates of the natural correlation [ 11 , 15 – 17 ], making the regression results spurious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is health care a necessary or luxury product for Asian countries? An answer using panel approach

2017

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A number of studies have estimated the income elasticity of health care expenditure to identify whether health care is a necessary or luxury product. However, the issue has received less attention in developing countries, especially in Asian economies. The current study for the first time has used the panel data covering 36 Asian countries for the period 1995–2013 for revealing the nature of health care as a product. Along with conventional econometric techniques we have addressed the issue of cross section dependence and used Westerlund (2007) panel cointegration test which is robust against cross section dependence and heterogeneity for detecting the presence of panel cointegration. By applying Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) it was found that the long run elasticity of Health Care Expenditure (HCE) with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is less than unit implying that the health care can be regarded as necessary in nature for these countries.

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“…The findings contradict Hassan et. al [ 14 ] but in line with what have been found in Dreger and Reimers [ 5 ], Mehrara et. al [ 6 ] and Penas et.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is health care a necessary or luxury product for Asian countries? An answer using panel approach

2017

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“…Heijink et al 6 studied the relationship between private and public health expenditure for 14 Western countries for the period 1996 to 2006 and argued that total healthcare expenditure is associated with reducing avoidable mortality. Other researchers have studied the relationship and provide evidence that there is a positive association [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Nevertheless, some researchers argue that there is no relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between medical spending and health status: A study of selected African countries

Bein

Coker-Farrell

2020

Mal. Med. J

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BackgroundThe report from the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that health spending worldwide remains highly unequal as more than 80% of the world’s population live in low and middle-income countries but only account for about 20% of global health expenditure. Another report by the WHO on the state of health financing in Africa published in 2013 intimates that countries that are part of their member states are still on the average level in meeting set goals in financing key health projects. ObjectiveThe study set out to investigate the association between public and private spending and health status for eight selected African countries, namely Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Health status indicators include the incidence of tuberculosis, mortality rates, maternal deaths and prevalence of HIV. MethodsDescriptive statistics and pairwise correlation are used to assess the relationship between healthcare spending and health status. Random and fixed effect models are further employed to provide insights into the association between descriptive statistics and pairwise correlation. We used annual data from the year 2000 to 2014 obtained from world development indicators.ResultsThe relationship between healthcare spending (public and private) and health status is statistically significant. Public healthcare expenditure has a higher association than private expenditure in reducing the mortality rate, tuberculosis and HIV for the average country in our sample. For example, an increase in public healthcare spending is negatively associated and statistically significant at 5% or better in reducing female mortality, male mortality, tuberculosis and HIV. Private healthcare spending is more impactful in the area of maternal deaths, where it is associated negatively and statistically significant at 1%. An increase in private healthcare spending is linked to a reduction in maternal deaths. We also compared the association between an increase in healthcare spending on males versus females and observed that public health expenditure impacts the health status of both sexes equally, however, private health expenditure provides a greater positive benefit to males. It is worth remembering that two goals of the United Nations agenda on sustainable development are gender equality and ensuring healthcare for all. ConclusionThe findings of this research call for the selected African countries to pay more attention to public healthcare expenditure in order to improve health status, especially since private healthcare which provides access to healthcare facilities for some poor people leads to costs that are a burden. So, future research should focus on analyzing components of private healthcare spending such as direct household out-of-pocket spending, private insurance and direct service payments by private corporations as dependent variables to understand what form of private investment should be encouraged.

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The impact of health financing and CO2 emission on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-country analysis

et al. 2016

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Measuring health expenditures and outcomes in saarc region: health is a luxury?

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Is health care a necessary or luxury product for Asian countries? An answer using panel approach

Is health care a necessary or luxury product for Asian countries? An answer using panel approach

The association between medical spending and health status: A study of selected African countries

The impact of health financing and CO2 emission on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-country analysis

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