Measuring handicap: motives, methods, and a model.

The prevalence of person-perceived participation restriction in community-dwelling older adults

“…Participation restriction is hypothesised to result from the complex interaction between a health condition, the individual, and contextual factors such as the physical, social and cultural environment [2]. In attempting to measure it directly, we recognise that how people function in the context of their lives (e.g., work and social activities) may be of more concern to them than actual impairments or difficulties with individual tasks [3]. Participation restriction is an appealing concept for those interested in older populations and the impact of chronic diseases because, even when health conditions and activity limitations are irreversible, there may still be the potential to maintain participation [4].…”

Initial validation of the Swedish version of the London Handicap Scale

“…The questionnaire was derived from the ICIDH definition of handicap as a health-related disadvantage that limits or prevents fulfillment of an individual's normal role within six areas: orientation, physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency [1][2][3][4]. In the ICIDH successor, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), ''handicap'' has been replaced by ''participation/ participation restriction'', defined as (problems in) involvement in life situations.…”

“…The London Handicap Scale (LHS) was developed in order to translate the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) [1] construct of handicap into a practical outcome measure [2][3][4]. The questionnaire was derived from the ICIDH definition of handicap as a health-related disadvantage that limits or prevents fulfillment of an individual's normal role within six areas: orientation, physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency [1][2][3][4].…”

The Keele Assessment of Participation: A New Instrument to Measure Participation Restriction in Population Studies. Combined Qualitative and Quantitative Examination of its Psychometric Properties

“…Impairments and activity limitations may be of less concern to individuals [10] and do not capture the complete impact of chronic disease [11]. Even when impairments and activity limitations are irreversible, participation may still be a target for improvement [12] via changes in environmental factors.…”