Measuring fluctuations in paranoia: Validity and psychometric properties of brief state versions of the Paranoia Checklist

Schlier, Björn; Moritz, Steffen; Lincoln, Tania M.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.002

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…State paranoia -Paranoia Checklist (5-item state version, PC-5; Schlier et al, 2016) This brief version of the PC was developed to keep participant burden low. Items are rated on a 5-point scale (1, not at all; 5, very strongly), with higher scores indicating greater levels of state paranoia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and mood: evidence from two single case studies

Pitfield

Maguire

Newman‐Taylor

2020

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis currently yields modest outcomes and must be improved. Attachment imagery may be an effective means of reducing severity of paranoid beliefs and associated affect. Experimental studies have demonstrated these effects in non-clinical groups. The impact in clinical populations remains untested. Aims: This study assessed the impact of a brief attachment imagery task on paranoia and mood, in two people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Method: Two single case studies are presented. Both participants were working age adults with persecutory delusions. The study utilised an A-B-A design. Participants were recruited for a 6-week period, with a 2- and 3-week baseline respectively, 1-week intervention phase, and follow-up phase matched to duration of baseline. Trait paranoia and attachment were measured at the start of the baseline. State paranoia and affect were measured daily over the 6-week period. Results: For both participants, the baseline phase was characterised by high and variable levels of paranoia, which reduced during the intervention phase, with a return to baseline scores at follow-up. We found a similar pattern for negative affect, and the reverse pattern for positive affect. Conclusions: Attachment imagery may function as an effective emotion regulation strategy for people with psychosis. Continued use is likely to be needed to maintain gains. This brief task could prove valuable to people needing skills to manage paranoia and mood, and give clinicians confidence that people can manage short-term distress in CBT for psychosis, for example when addressing past trauma.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and mood: evidence from two single case studies

Pitfield

Maguire

Newman‐Taylor

2020

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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“…The PaDS also assesses the perceived deservedness of persecution and the PDI assesses delusion-like qualities of persecutory ideas (conviction, pre-occupation, and distress). The PC (Freeman et al, 2005), SPC (Schlier, Moritz, & Lincoln, 2016), and the GPTS (Green et al, 2008), assess paranoia across the hierarchy, including ideas of reference and persecutory ideation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freeman et al, 2015) have only assessed persecutory thoughts, therefore not capturing potentially more commonly-occurring thoughts from the lower paranoia hierarchy (Freeman et al, 2005). The SPC (Schlier et al, 2016) is a state measure assessing a broader range of paranoid experiences, but requires further psychometric validation (e.g. reliability, structural validity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of self-report measures of paranoia.

Statham

Emerson

Rowse

2019

Psychological Assessment

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“…r State-paranoia was measured using the 3-item change sensitive version of the PC, which has been found to be a valid and change-sensitive scale for clinically paranoid populations (α = .74; Schlier et al, 2016). Items were: 'I have to be on my guard against others', 'Strangers and friends look at me critically' and 'People are trying to make me upset'.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of State-Anxiety on State-Paranoia in People Experiencing Psychosis

Cowles

Hogg

2018

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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State-anxiety and negative-affect may both be involved in the maintenance of paranoia in clinical populations, as predicted by cognitive models. Negative-affect may be the strongest predictor of state-paranoia in clinical populations. Reasons for this are discussed, as well as the implications. Interventions that seek to reduce negative state-affect may be beneficial in managing state-paranoia. Further research is warranted to explore the suggested clinical and theoretical implications of these findings.

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Measuring fluctuations in paranoia: Validity and psychometric properties of brief state versions of the Paranoia Checklist

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and mood: evidence from two single case studies

Impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and mood: evidence from two single case studies

A systematic review of self-report measures of paranoia.

An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of State-Anxiety on State-Paranoia in People Experiencing Psychosis

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