Measuring flows of international migration

Timor-Leste population on internal migration, in the analysis of direction, flow, pathways, boundaries, and international procedures

“…The municipality of Bobonaro as origin areas, and municipalities of Liquica as a barrier or buffer before reaching to the municipality of Dili as main of the destination areas. The results of this research have shown that the push factor of the population migrating out of the municipalities of Baucau, Bobonaro, and Viqueque as migrants' origins, each with its currently have different magnitude like previous research [54]. This study can also produce a population policy as well as manage the spatial planning of the municipal area of Dili by reducing the amount of migration flow from the municipalities of Baucau, Bobonaro, and Viqueque to improving social facilities, education, health, economy and road infrastructure and bridges as a means of transportation and mobility.…”

“…Other results in this first type of internal migration study have strengthened Ravenstatein and Lee's theory [1,2] that migrants who enter and live in the municipalities of Dili, Baucau and Aileu are migrants who come from municipalities that are near or directly adjacent to the municipality. The value of the inmigration rate in these three municipalities is an expression of the magnitude of attraction that exists in these three municipalities as the results of Raymer's (2017) previous research [33,54]. The result of this study can also produce a population policy with the need for example to manage the spatial planning of the municipal area of Dili by reducing the amount of migration flow from the municipalities of Baucau, Bobonaro and Viqueque area by improving social facilities, education, health, economy and road infrastructure and bridges as a means of transportation and mobility.…”

“…Internal migration of the population is important to take into account the flow and direction of migration, because the flow and direction of migration of the population can map the positive impact of welfare and changes in the level of life of its inhabitants in a particular area or even the negative impact of migration itself [3]. This direct measurement method uses a multiregional model by displaying internal migration flows from origin cities and destination cities [5,33,53,54], also applied to research in the context of Timor-Leste country.…”

Applying Concepts and Tools in Demography for Estimating, Analyzing, and Forecasting Forced Migration

“…Not only is it difficult to predict future migration trends given changing push and pull factors at the origin and destination (van Nimwegen and van der Erf 2010), but even estimating the current level of migration is challenging. The multiple moves migrants typically make, inconsistency in the definitions of a migrant, and the lack of migration registration data, especially on the origin side, are major reasons why studying and tracking migration movements are particularly difficult (Raymer 2017). A similar challenge applies to the study of forced migration, which is often determined by unpredictable environmental and political drivers such as conflicts, political upheavals, and disasters.…”

Overcoming data limitations to obtain migration flows for ASEAN countries

“…In order to estimate migration flows effectively, some understanding of the different types of migration and migration data are needed. Migration data may be divided into two main types: immigrant populations; and migration flows (Raymer, 2017). Immigrant population data are most commonly collected by censuses with questions on country of birth (United Nations, 2019b).…”