Measuring Fiber Orientation in Nonwovens Part V: Real Webs

Abstract

This paper extends the work of the first four parts of this series to apply the image analysis methods we have developed to characterize the fiber orientation of real non woven fabrics. The "real" fabrics chosen as typical are a carded crimped fiber web, two relatively dense overall or area bonded fabrics, a pattern or point bonded spun bonded-meltblown-spunbonded fabric, and a lightweight spunbonded nonwoven. In order to deal with real webs, it is necessary to develop a lighting system to give images with sufficient contrast along with an appropriate thresholding method to yield data suitable for analysis. The results indicate that the chord tracking method can charac terize orientation reliably when a direct measure is needed, and the information can be used to characterize and compare nonwoven laydown processes.

Distance transform algorithm for measuring nanofiber diameter

“…In the last few years, image analysis methods have been developed in order to identify fibers and measure nonwoven characteristics such as fiber orientation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], fiber diameter [17,18], pore size [19], [20], uniformity [21] and other structural features [15,22]. However, since these are new techniques and their accuracy and limitations have not been verified, samples with known characteristics are required to evaluate the accuracy of the methods which can be produced by simulation schemes [9,23].…”

Three-Dimensional Fiber Segment Orientation Distribution Using X-Ray Microtomography

“…Zero span tensile testing (ZST) tests results can be linked to in-plane fibre segment orientation distribution (Pourdeyhimi, et al, 1999). Since the gauge length is zero during ZST, fibre segments mainly aligned parallel to the test direction, gripped between the two jaws, are the load bearing component and thus the major contributor to breaking strength (Batchelor, 2003;Kallmes, 1969).…”

Optoelectronic Techniques for Surface Characterization of Fabrics

“…Methods based on the study of transmitted light and phenomena of dichroism and birefringence does not seem to give good results. More recently Pourdeyhimi et al (1993Pourdeyhimi et al ( , 1996aPourdeyhimi et al ( , 1996bPourdeyhimi et al ( , 1997aPourdeyhimi et al ( , 1997bPourdeyhimi et al ( , 1999 have conducted a whole study on nonwoven fabrics. A model of nonwoven image is proposed and several image processing techniques are tested in order to determine fibre orientation of this virtual sample.…”