Measuring Erodibility of Cohesive Soils Using Laboratory Jet Erosion Tests

Al-Madhhachi, Abdul-Sahib T.; Hanson, Gregory J.; Fox, Garey A.; Tyagi, Avdhesh K.; Bulut, Rifat

doi:10.1061/41173(414)244

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…where r ε is the detachment rate (cm/s), τ is the average hydraulic boundary shear stress (Pa), and a is an empirical exponent assumed to be unity according to Hanson (1990aHanson ( , 1990b and Al-Madhhachi et al (2013a, 2013b.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the velocity of jet at the orifice (cm/s); C is discharge coefficient (ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for "mini" JET according to Al-Madhhachi et al, 2013a); h is the pressure head (cm); J p = C d d o is the potential core length from jet origin (cm); d o is the nozzle diameter (cm); and C d = 6.3 is the diffusion constant. The k d is then determined by solving for the least squared deviation between the observed scour time and predicted time of the following equation (Hanson and Cook, 1997): Alternative solution methods to Blaisdell's solution have been suggested recently (Simon et al, 2010;Daly et al, 2013).…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two versions of JET devices, the original JET (Hanson, 1990b) and the new miniature version of JET referred as "mini" JET (Simon et al, 2010;Al-Madhhachi et al, 2013a, 2013b. The "mini" JET is smaller, lighter, and required less water compared to original JET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wilson model was developed by Wilson (1993aWilson ( , 1993b to describe the detachment of single or aggregate soil particles depending on two mechanistic dimensional soil parameters: b 0 and b 1 . Several studies measure the erodibility of soils using different techniques; Large flumes (Hanson, 1990a;Hanson and Cook, 2004), small flumes (Briaud et al, 2001), laboratory hole erosion test (Wan & Fell, 2004), and a jet erosion test (Hanson, 1990b;Hanson & Cook, 2004;Al-Madhhachi et al, 2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2014b, which is the focused of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is easy to handle and setup in the field as well as in the laboratory. Al-Madhhachi et al (2013a) provided equivalent erodibility parameters of "mini" JET with original JET under controlled laboratory setup. Al-Madhhachi et al (2013b) verified the used of both original and "mini" JETs with flume experiments by deriving both excess shear stress model and Wilson model parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests

Salah¹,

Al-Madhhachi²

2016

ENRR

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Recent researches were investigated the high concentrations of Lead in Baghdad soils due to the emissions from Leaded fuel of cars, generators, and the industrials. These high concentrations in addition to their impact on human health may impact on the landscape and streambanks and may cause significant issues on soil erodibility. The erosion rate of cohesive soil was usually estimated using two alternative models, excess shear stress model which is depended on two major soil parameters: the critical shear stress, τ c , and the erodibility coefficient, k d , and Wilson model which is depended on two mechanistic soil parameters: b 0 and b 1 . A new miniature version of Jet Erosion Test ("mini" JET) was performed to derive both model parameters. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Lead pollution on cohesive soil erodibility using "mini" JET under controlled laboratory setups to predict soil erodibility. In order to observe the Lead contamination on soil erodibility, soil samples were mixed with different quantities of Lead concertation and the samples were packed at ASTM standard mold on two different bulk densities. Results show that the Lead pollution increased soil erodibility when the concentration of Lead increased. An inverse relationship between excess shear stress parameters k d and τ c was observed as well as between Wilson model parameters b 0 and b 1 . The Wilson model parameters were closely resembled the empirical excess shear stress parameters with benefit that Wilson model parameters are mechanistic parameters.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests

Salah¹,

Al-Madhhachi²

2016

ENRR

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Sediment detachment and transport processes associated with internal erosion of soil pipes

Wilson

Wells

Kuhnle

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Subsurface flow can be an important process in gully erosion through its impact on decreasing soil cohesion and erosion resistance as soil water content or pressure increases and more directly by the effects of seepage forces on particle detachment and piping. The development of perched water tables fosters lateral flow that can result in seepage at the surface and/or formation of soil pipes by internal erosion of preferential flow paths. Continued internal erosion of soil pipes can lead to gullies, dam and levee failures. However, the processes involved in particle and aggregate detachment from soil pipe walls and transport processes within soil pipes have not been well studied or documented. This paper reviews the limited research on sediment detachment and transport in macropores and soil pipes and applies the knowledge learned from the much more extensive studies conducted on streams and industrial pipes to hydrogeologic conditions of soil pipes. Knowledge gaps are identified and recommendations are made for future research on sediment detachment and transport in soil pipes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Site‐scale variability of streambank fluvial erodibility parameters as measured with a jet erosion test

Daly

Fox

Enlow

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

Self Cite

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Abstract:The erosion rate of cohesive streambanks is typically modelled using the excess shear stress equation, dependent on two erodibility parameters: critical shear stress and erodibility coefficient. The jet erosion test (JET) has become the most common method for estimating these erodibility parameters in situ. Typically, results from a few JETs are averaged to acquire a single set of parameters for characterizing a streambank layer; however, this may be inadequate for accurately characterizing erodibility. The research objectives were to investigate the variability of JET results from assumed homogeneous streambank layers and to estimate the number of JETs required to accurately characterize erodibility for use in predictive models. On three unique streambanks in Oklahoma and across a range of erodibility, 20 to 30 JETs were conducted over a span of three days at each site. Unique to this research, each JET was analysed using the Blaisdell, scour depth and iterative solutions. The required sample size to accurately estimate the erodibility parameters depended on the JET solution technique, the parameter being estimated, and the degrees of precision and confidence. Conducting three to five JETs per soil layer on a streambank typically provided an order of magnitude estimate of the erodibility parameters. Because the parameters were log-normally distributed, using empirical equations to predict erosion properties based on soil characteristics will likely contain high uncertainty and thus should be used with caution. This study exemplifies the need to conduct in situ measurements using the JET to accurately characterize streambank resistance to fluvial erosion.

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Measuring Erodibility of Cohesive Soils Using Laboratory Jet Erosion Tests

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests

Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests

Sediment detachment and transport processes associated with internal erosion of soil pipes

Site‐scale variability of streambank fluvial erodibility parameters as measured with a jet erosion test

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