Measuring effective stiffness of Li-ion batteries <i>via</i> acoustic signal processing

Chang, Wesley; Mohr, Robert; Kim, Andrew; Raj, Abhi; Davies, Greg; Denner, Kate; Park, Jeung Hun; Steingart, Dan

doi:10.1039/d0ta05552b

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The upper half of the map highlights the resonance, exemplified by the dark blue lines tracking the first few peaks; while the lower half tracks the back-wall echoes, demonstrated by the orange line. We emphasise that the latter delivers similar information to the through-transmission configurations adopted in prior studies 22,24,27 .…”

Section: Soc Monitoring With Layer Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Quantitative characterisation of the layered structure within lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic resonance

Huang¹,

Kirkaldy²,

Yan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming an important energy storage solution to achieve carbon neutrality, but it remains challenging to characterise their internal states for the assurance of performance, durability and safety. This work reports a simple but powerful non-destructive characterisation technique, based on the formation of ultrasonic resonance from the repetitive layers within LIBs. A physical model is developed from the ground up, to interpret the results from standard experimental ultrasonic measurement setups. As output, the method delivers a range of critical pieces of information about the inner structure of LIBs, such as the number of layers, the average thicknesses of electrodes, the image of internal layers, and the states of charge variations across individual layers. This enables the quantitative tracking of internal cell properties, potentially providing new means of quality control during production processes, and tracking the states of health and charge during operation.

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Section: Soc Monitoring With Layer Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Quantitative characterisation of the layered structure within lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic resonance

Huang¹,

Kirkaldy²,

Yan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…However, W. Chang et al demonstrated the sensitivity of thickness detection can be improved to micron resolution when combined with in-situ transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). [229] They combined the ultrasound acoustic detection with TXM to study the expansion and contraction of a pouch cell during cycling. Their expectation is that TXM has sufficient range and pixel resolution to measure both the total cell thickness and the average layer thicknesses, though it proved to be more difficult to image.…”

Section: In Operando Acoustic Detection Of LI Metal Platingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Plating Detection Methods in Lithium-Ion Batteries

2020

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Lithium-ion batteries provide a low-cost, long cycle-life and high energy density solution to the expediting energy requirement of the automotive industry. There is a growing need of fast charging batteries for commercial application. However, large charging currents may cause Lithium plating which describes the deposition of metallic Lithium at the anode surface. It takes place at conditions of high currents and/or low temperatures because of kinetic limitations. The main reason behind plating is the slow solid-state diffusion of Lithium ions inside the active material. If the anode surface potential falls below 0 V versus Li/Li+, the formation of metallic Lithium is thermodynamically feasible. To avoid or reduce the amount Lithium plating, it is essential to detect its onset during a charging event. Determination of accurate Lithium plating curve is crucial in estimating the boundary conditions for battery operation without compromising life and safety. There are various data analysis methods involved in deriving the Lithium plating curve: anode potential using a three-electrode cell, variation of relaxation voltage after charging (dV/dt), variation of accumulated charge with voltage (dQ/dV) and coulombic efficiency of charge/discharge with %SOC (state of charge) are more commonly employed techniques. In addition to these methods, estimation of its occurrence is typically underpinned by electrochemical models where the negative (anode) electrode potential is expressed by a set of partial differential equations based on the electrochemical and physical properties of the battery components such as the electrodes and electrolyte. The present paper reviews the common test methods and analysis that are currently utilized in Lithium plating determination. Knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations are made for the future development in the determination and verification of Lithium plating curve in terms of modelling and analysis.

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“…In this work, we combine operando acoustic, NMR, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to probe the coupled relationship between interface mechanics, interphase chemistry, and microstructural formation at the mesoscale and microscale. Operando acoustic transmission can detect changes in cell modulus, density, and expansion in conventional lithium-ion cells 21 , 22 . Acoustic transmission utilizes sound waves at ultrasound frequencies (typically between 1 and 10 MHz) which propagate through the cell layers, with sound speed and amplitude dependent on the mechanical properties of each layer 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving contact mechanics and microstructure formation dynamics of the lithium metal-Li7La3Zr2O12 interface

et al. 2021

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The dynamic behavior of the interface between the lithium metal electrode and a solid-state electrolyte plays a critical role in all-solid-state battery performance. The evolution of this interface throughout cycling involves multiscale mechanical and chemical heterogeneity at the micro- and nano-scale. These features are dependent on operating conditions such as current density and stack pressure. Here we report the coupling of operando acoustic transmission measurements with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging to correlate changes in interfacial mechanics (such as contact loss and crack formation) with the growth of lithium microstructures during cell cycling. Together, the techniques reveal the chemo-mechanical behavior that governs lithium metal and Li7La3Zr2O12 interfacial dynamics at various stack pressure regimes and with voltage polarization.

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Measuring effective stiffness of Li-ion batteries via acoustic signal processing

Abstract: In this work we build upon acoustic-electrochemical correlations to investigate the relationships between sound wave structure and chemo-mechanical properties of a pouch cell battery. Cell thickness imaging and wave detection...

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Quantitative characterisation of the layered structure within lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic resonance

Quantitative characterisation of the layered structure within lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic resonance

Lithium Plating Detection Methods in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Evolving contact mechanics and microstructure formation dynamics of the lithium metal-Li7La3Zr2O12 interface

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