Measuring early childhood development at a global scale: Evidence from the Caregiver-Reported Early Development Instruments

McCoy, Dana Charles; Waldman, Marcus; Team, Credi Field; Fink, Günther

doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.05.002

Cited by 80 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Cross-validation approach evaluated the robustness of the model with a R 2 of 57%. Personal monitoring of exposure to HAP by wearing portable devices for a period of 24 to 48 hours can substantially reduce exposure misclassification and improve the power of the study to detect relationships between exposure to HAP and adverse health outcomes (40). However, conducting area or personal air quality monitoring in all study subjects significantly increases study costs and respondent burden.…”

Section: Exposure Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Tipre

Wickremesinghe

Nandasena

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background.About 74% of the Sri Lankan population use biomass in the form of unprocessed wood as the primary cooking fuel. A growing body of evidence from meta-analyses and individual studies although limited by few prospective studies, report that prenatal exposure to particulate matter of size 2.5 µm (PM2.5) emissions from biomass fuel burning may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 grams). We present results examining the association between PM2.5 and LBW in context of a birth cohort study in Sri Lanka. Methods.We followed 545 pregnant women from their first trimester until delivery and assessed outcomes at birth. Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from biomass smoke was assessed using detailed questionnaire about fuel type, kitchen characteristics and cooking practices; two-hour measurements of kitchen PM2.5 were collected in a subset of households (n=304, 56%). Data from questionnaires and measured PM2.5 were used to estimate two-hour kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in unmeasured households. Data on covariates related to household characteristics, socio-demographic, maternal health and lifestyle factors were collected from baseline interviews. We performed linear and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between HAP exposure, and birth weight and LBW. Results.Of the total, 78% of the households used wood as primary or secondary fuel (n=425); households using wood had four-fold higher PM2.5 levels compared to those using LPG. In linear regression models, we found an inverse association between a 10-unit increase in PM2.5 and birth weight (β, -0.03; SE, 0.02; p, 0.06) adjusted for covariates. Similarly, categorical HAP exposure (>50% wood use) was significantly associated with birth weight as compared to LPG users (β, -0.13; SE, 0.06; p, 0.0331). In logistic regression models, a 10-unit increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased odds for LBW (OR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.02-1.55; p, 0.0355), while the prevalence of LBW was highest among >50% wood users (OR, 2.82; 95%CI, p, 0.0124), as compared to those using >50% LPG with wood and only LPG users. The association between HAP exposure and birth weight/LBW were consistent among term births (n=486). Conclusions.The finding of a significant association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and LBW in a lowmiddle income country (LMIC) setting where competing risk factors are minimal fills a gap in the body of evidence linking HAP from biomass smoke to LBW. These results underscore the crucial need to implement prevention and reduction of HAP exposure in LMICs where the HAP burden is high.

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Section: Exposure Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Tipre

Wickremesinghe

Nandasena

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…A third limitation is that the CREDI is—by construction—a caregiver-reported tool, and may introduce bias into children’s developmental scores because caregivers may not be aware of specific milestone completion or may misreport it. Previous validity studies suggest that all CREDI items are well understood by caregivers, and that CREDI scores are highly predictive of direct observation measures of the same children 26. Despite these tests, reporting biases are of course possible, particularly for items that leave room for subjective interpretation such as making babbling sounds or saying the first word.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CREDI was created in 2017 with the ambition to generate a low-cost, cross-culturally comparable measure of the motor, cognitive, language and socioemotional skills of children under 3 years. The CREDI have been tested and validated in 16 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries and has been shown to have high acceptability, reliability and validity across diverse cultural and socioeconomic settings 23 26…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual and socioeconomic variation in early motor and language development

2019

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ObjectiveTo compare early motor and language development of children <3 years of age growing up in high-income and low-income contexts.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe analysed differences in motor and language skills across study sites in Cambodia, Chile, Ghana, Guatemala, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines and the USA.Main outcome measureCognitive and language development assessed with the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) tool.Results4649 children aged 0–35 months (mean age=18 months) were analysed. On average, children in sites with a low Human Development Index (HDI) had 0.54 SD (95% CI –0.63 to –0.44) lower CREDI motor scores and 0.73 SD (95% CI –0.82 to –0.64) lower language scores than children growing up in high HDI sites. On average, each unit increase in national log income per capita was associated with a 0.77-month (95% CI –0.93 to 0.60) reduction in the age of motor milestone attainment and a reduction in the age of language milestone attainment of 0.55 months (95% CI –0.79 to –0.30). These observed developmental differences were not universal: no developmental differences across sites with highly heterogeneous socioeconomic contexts were found among children growing up in households with highly educated caregivers providing stimulating early environments.ConclusionDevelopmental gaps in settings with low HDI are substantial on average, but appear to be largely attributable to differences in family-level socioeconomic status and caregiving practices. Programmes targeting the most vulnerable subpopulations will be essential to reduce early life disparities and improve long-run outcomes.

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“…Considering the limitations of clinical screening assessments, several tools have emerged to assess early childhood development at the population level. The Caregiver-Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) is developed for children under three years old and evaluates their early development (13). As it was designed to function across a wide variety of culture, linguistic, and socioeconomic contexts, it has been promoted in 16 countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Early Childhood Development with the Early Human Capability Index (eHCI): A Reliability and Validity Study in China

Zhao

Brinkman

Song

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With the importance of early childhood development more recognized by the international society, low-cost and cross-culturally comparable measures of early childhood development is in great demand, both in China and worldwide. In this study, we aim to test the psychometrics of the Chinese version of The Early Human Capability Index (eHCI), which is designed as a measurement for school readiness in large population. Methods: We evaluated the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, factor structure, criterion-related validity, and discriminant validity of the eHCI in 20,324 preschool children in Shanghai. We also compared eHCI scores with test result of ASQ in 815 children in Yexian and EAP-ECDS in 6,947 children in Daming. Results: The ICC between parents and teachers were 0.83 and 0.63 for Literacy Numeracy and Overall Development. The confirmatory factor analyses showed good model fit (c2 = 509323, p<0.001; CFI=0.901; RMSEA=0.038). The correlations between the scores of eHCI and other ECD metrics ranged between r =-0.42 and r =0.53. The scale discriminated between children’s developmental level based on gender, parental education, family income and family assets. Conclusions: Results from Chinese population suggested that eHCI is valid and reliable for measuring early childhood development in children aged 3-6 years. The eHCI can be applied to map the global distribution of early childhood development for allocating scarce resources to help those in greatest demand. Longitudinal studies are warranted to test its predictive validity for later outcomes.

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Measuring early childhood development at a global scale: Evidence from the Caregiver-Reported Early Development Instruments

Cited by 80 publications

References 46 publications

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Contextual and socioeconomic variation in early motor and language development

Measuring Early Childhood Development with the Early Human Capability Index (eHCI): A Reliability and Validity Study in China

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Measuring early childhood development at a global scale: Evidence from the Caregiver-Reported Early Development Instruments

Cited by 80 publications

References 46 publications

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Contextual and socioeconomic variation in early motor and language development

Measuring Early Childhood Development with the Early Human Capability Index (eHCI): A Reliability and Validity Study in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort