Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents

Vogel, Erin A.; Prochaska, Judith J.; Rubinstein, Mark L.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054900

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies have provided less comprehensive characterizations of e-cigarette dependence, without comparisons with combustible cigarette dependence. 6 – 8 To our knowledge, this is also the first prospective longitudinal investigation of the association of e-cigarette dependence symptoms with subsequent vaping patterns. Our results suggest that e-cigarette dependence symptoms may be associated with future vaping patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Dependence Among Youth and Its Association With Future Use

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Understanding the prevalence and symptoms of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) dependence and its association with future e-cigarette use among youth may help to guide pediatric clinical services and health policy. OBJECTIVES To examine the cross-sectional prevalence and symptom presentation of e-cigarette dependence and to determine whether e-cigarette dependence is associated with subsequent e-cigarette use patterns 6 months later among youth with baseline past-year e-cigarette use. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study used baseline and 6-month follow-up surveys among students in the 12th grade during the 2016 to 2017 school year who reported any past-year e-cigarette use. Surveys were conducted on site in 10 high schools in Los Angeles, California. Data were analyzed from March 2019 to December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-reported checklist of 10 tobacco product dependence symptoms reflecting loss of control over use, craving or urge, or withdrawal symptoms while abstinent, completed at baseline and administered separately for e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. Reporting 1 or more symptoms indicated a positive screen for dependence. Vaping continuation, defined as any past 6-month vaping, and past 30-day nicotine vaping days (range, 0–30), sessions per vaping day (range, 0–20), and puffs per session (range, 0–20) at 6-month follow-up were assessed. RESULTS Among 3168 twelfth-grade students who completed the baseline survey, 444 youths (mean [SD] age, 17.48 [0.39] years; 217 [48.9%] female) reported past-year e-cigarette use. Among these, 52 youths (11.7%) reported at least 1 e-cigarette dependence symptom. Among youth who reported past-year dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use, combustible cigarette dependence, reported by 43 youths (29.7%), was more prevalent than e-cigarette dependence, which was reported by 24 youths (16.4%). The most common symptoms, craving, urge, and need to use, and least common symptoms, abstinence-related concentration and emotional problems, were similar in both combustible and e-cigarette dependence. The prevalence of e-cigarette dependence was higher among youth who reported vaping in the past month than among those who did not (41 youths [17.6%] vs 11 youths [5.2%]; P < .001) and among youth who used e-cigarettes with nicotine than among those who used e-cigarettes without nicotine (42 youths [15.2%] vs 10 youths [6.0%]; P = .004). After adjusting for baseline vaping and e-cigarette dependence risk propensity scores, baseline e-cigarette dependence symptom status was associated with vaping continuation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.07–4.94]; P = .02) and past 30-day number of nicotine vaping days (adjusted rate ratio, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.44–3.28]; P < .001), vaping sessions pe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Dependence Among Youth and Its Association With Future Use

et al. 2020

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“…Ecigarette use frequency in a typical month was self-reported ranging from 0 to 30 days. E-cigarette dependence was measured using the 10-item Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (scored as 0e3 ¼ not dependent; 4e8 low dependence; 9e12 medium dependence; 13þ ¼ high dependence) [23], which was strongly correlated with cotinine levels in this sample [24]. Salivary cotinine was measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use: Increases in Frequency, Dependence, and Nicotine Exposure Over 12 Months

Vogel

Prochaska

Ramo

et al. 2019

Journal of Adolescent Health

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This study examined changes in e-cigarette and dual-use frequency, levels of nicotine exposure and e-cigarette dependence, and device and e-liquid preferences over 12 months. Methods: Adolescents (N ¼ 173, aged 13e18 years) who reported past-month e-cigarette use and at least 10 lifetime uses were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. The sample was 75.1% male, 54.9% non-Hispanic White, mean age 16.6 years (standard deviation ¼ 1.2); 26.6% reported past-month cigarette smoking at baseline (i.e., dual use). At baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up, participants provided saliva samples for cotinine testing and self-reported e-cigarette use frequency, dependence, past-month smoking, product preference, and flavor preference. Results: Most (80.3%) were still using e-cigarettes at 12 months, and daily use increased from 14.5% to 29.8%. Model testing indicated an overall increase from baseline to 12 months in frequency of ecigarette use (F(2, 166) ¼ 5.69, p ¼ .004), dependence (F(2, 164) ¼ 5.49, p ¼ .005), and cotinine levels (F(2, 103) ¼ 4.40, p ¼ .038). Among those reporting only e-cigarette use at baseline, 28.8% reported combustible cigarette use during follow-up. Among those reporting dual use at baseline, 57.1% were still dual using at 12 months, 31.4% reported e-cigarette use only, and none abstained from both products. Higher nicotine delivering e-cigarette devices (i.e., Juul, mods) became more popular over time, whereas flavor preferences (i.e., fruit, mint/menthol, and candy) remained stable. Conclusions: Adolescents' e-cigarette use persisted over a 12-month period with significant increases in frequency of use, nicotine exposure, and e-cigarette dependence. Transitions from single to dual and dual to single nicotine product use were observed in approximately one in three users over the study period.

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“…Importantly, the uses of e-cigs induce a comparable urge to smoke and increase the desire for conventional combustible smoking [ 9 ]. Studies have demonstrated an addictive-like behavior with e-cigs use in clinics [ 10 ]. Nicotine represents the addictive component in e-cigs, which is found in most e-liquids in the market [ 2 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 3-Month Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols on Glutamatergic Receptors and Transporters in Mesolimbic Brain Regions of Female C57BL/6 Mice

Alhaddad

Wong

Sari

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use has been dramatically increased recently, especially among youths. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that chronic exposure to e-cigs, containing 24 mg/mL nicotine, was associated with dysregulation of glutamate transporters and neurotransmitter levels in the brain of a mouse model. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three months’ continuous exposure to e-cig vapor (JUUL pods), containing a high nicotine concentration, on the expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in drug reward brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core (NAc-core), NAc shell (NAc-shell) and hippocampus (HIP) in female C57BL/6 mice. Three months’ exposure to mint- or mango-flavored JUUL (containing 5% nicotine, 59 mg/mL) induced upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (phosphorylated and total PSD95) expression, and downregulation of mGluR5 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the NAc-shell. In addition, three months’ exposure to JUUL was associated with upregulation of mGluR5 and GLT-1 expression in the HIP. These findings demonstrated that three-month exposure to e-cig vapor containing high nicotine concentrations induced differential effects on the glutamatergic system in the NAc and HIP, suggesting dysregulation of glutamatergic system activity in mesolimbic brain regions.

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Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Dependence Among Youth and Its Association With Future Use

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Dependence Among Youth and Its Association With Future Use

Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use: Increases in Frequency, Dependence, and Nicotine Exposure Over 12 Months

Effects of 3-Month Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols on Glutamatergic Receptors and Transporters in Mesolimbic Brain Regions of Female C57BL/6 Mice

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