Measuring Depressive Symptoms With 8-Item and 9-Item Ces-D: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

Wang, Y.; Shen, Hui Liang; Hurwicz, Margo-Lea

doi:10.1093/geroni/igx004.4196

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For our purposes, in part due to time and space constraints on the survey, we only used 11 items from the CES‐D scale to assess depressive symptomatology. Different revisions to this scale have been validated in prior research using a variety of populations in different settings (Missine, Vandeviver, Van de Velde, & Bracke, 2014; Y. Wang, Shen, & Hurwicz, 2017; Willis & Fitzpatrick, 2019). The shortened CES‐D scale used here was weighted by 1.8 (the number of items in the original measure [20] divided by the number of items in our shortened [11] measure).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the midst of fear: Depressive symptomatology among US adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Fitzpatrick

Harris

Drawve

2020

Depression and Anxiety

139

128

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Background: The current study examines interrelationships between social vulnerability, individual stressors, social and psychological resources, and depressive symptomatology among US adults during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Using an online survey platform, a poststratified (by age, gender, race, income, and geography), representative sample (n = 10,368 adults) is used in the analysis. Results: On average, sample respondents report Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale symptomatology nearly a point higher than the often used cutoff score for clinical caseness (16+); one-third of respondents had CES-D scores higher than 25. Multiple regression results show elevated levels of depressive symptomatology among the socially vulnerable (women, Hispanic, unmarried, not working). Those persons expressing heightened COVID-19 fear and moderate to high levels of food insecurity report more depressive symptoms than persons with less fear and low or no food insecurity. All three of the resource variables (mastery of fate, strength of ties, and optimism) are significant and in the negative direction. Conclusions: In a snapshot, the data provide an important point prevalence assessment of adult depressive symptoms during the current public health crisis. Results highlight the significance of vulnerability and individual stressors in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the analysis affirms the importance of access to social and psychological resources to combat heightened fear and anxiety that persons report during the current pandemic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the midst of fear: Depressive symptomatology among US adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Fitzpatrick

Harris

Drawve

2020

Depression and Anxiety

139

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Health conditions are captured using the presence of chronic conditions based on positive medical history, covering heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, lung diseases, and cancer. Depressive symptoms were measured using the eight-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), which includes depressed mood (depressed, lonely, sad), lack of well-being (reverse-coded happy, enjoying life), and psychomotor retardation (everything an effort, restless sleep, can't get going) (Wang, Shen, & Hurwicz, 2017). The information on income, health behaviour, depression and the presence of chronic diseases (heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, lung diseases, and cancer) were updated each wave.…”

Section: Covariates Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Self-Reported Sensory Impairment and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Impairment in the Health and Retirement Study Cohort

Maharani

Dawes

Nazroo

et al. 2019

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B

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Objectives We aimed to determine whether self-assessed single (hearing or visual) and dual sensory (hearing and visual) impairments are associated with cognitive decline and incident possible cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and probable dementia. Method Data were drawn from the 1996–2014 surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), involving 19,618 respondents who had no probable dementia and who were aged 50 years or older at the baseline. We used linear mixed models to test the association between self-assessed sensory impairment and cognitive decline followed by a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the relative risk of incident possible CIND and probable dementia associated with the presence of sensory impairment. Results Respondents with self-assessed single and dual sensory impairment performed worse in cognitive tests than those without sensory impairment. The fully adjusted incidence of developing possible CIND was 17% higher for respondents with hearing impairment than those without hearing impairment. Respondents with visual impairment had 35% and 25% higher risk for developing possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those without visual impairment. Respondents with dual sensory impairment at baseline were 38% and 26% more likely to develop possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those with no sensory impairment. Discussion Self-assessed sensory impairment is independently associated with cognitive decline and incident possible CIND and probable dementia. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism underlying this association and to determine whether treatment of sensory impairment could ameliorate cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia among older adults.

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Adverse childhood experiences among black sexually minoritized men and Black transgender women in Chicago

Dharma,

Keyes,

Rudolph

et al. 2024

Int J Equity Health

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are important predictors of mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, commonly used ACE measures such as the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) have not been validated among Black sexually minoritized men (SMM) nor transgender women (TW), whom are known to have higher rates of ACE and poorer mental health outcomes. Assessing the psychometric properties of the measure is important for health equity research, as measurements that are not valid for some populations will render uninterpretable results. Methods Data are drawn from the Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) study, a longitudinal cohort of Black SMM and TW living in Southern Chicago. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and a two-parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) on the BRFSS ACE measure, an 11-item measure with 8 domains of ACE. Results One hundred forty seven participants (85% cisgender male) completed the BRFSS ACE measurement in the N2 study with age ranges from 16–34. The cohort were from a low socioeconomic background: about 40% of the cohort were housing insecure and made than $10,000 or less annually. They also have a high number of ACEs; 34% had endorsed 4 or more ACE domains. The three-factor structure fit the BRFSS ACE measure best; the measurement consisted of three subscales: of “Household Dysfunction”, “Emotional / Physical”, and “Sexual Abuse” (CFI = 0.975, TLI = 0.967, and RMSEA = 0.051). When the 8 domains of ACE were summed to one score, the total score was is correlated with depressive symptoms and anxiety scores, establishing concurrent validity. Item Response Theory model indicated that the “parental separation” domain had a low discrimination (slope) parameter, suggesting that this domain does not distinguish well between those with and without high ACE. Conclusions The BRFFS ACE measure had adequate reliability, a well-replicated structure and some moderate evidence of concurrent validity among Black SMM and TW. The parental separation domain does not discriminate between those with high and low ACE experiences in this population. With changing population demographics and trends in marriage, further examination of this item beyond the current study is warranted to improve health equity research for all.

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Measuring Depressive Symptoms With 8-Item and 9-Item Ces-D: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Living in the midst of fear: Depressive symptomatology among US adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Living in the midst of fear: Depressive symptomatology among US adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Associations Between Self-Reported Sensory Impairment and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Impairment in the Health and Retirement Study Cohort

Adverse childhood experiences among black sexually minoritized men and Black transgender women in Chicago

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