Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment

Fagerström, Karl

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(78)90024-2

Cited by 2,039 publications

(1,117 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…38 Based on previous studies of the Finnish Twin Cohort, heritability estimates for smoking-related traits in Finland are similar to those reported for other Caucasian populations. 39,40 The smoker phenotype yielded the highest linkage scores in this study (10q25, D10S597, NPL 3.35, LOD 3.12), less than 5 Mb apart from a previously reported linkage locus for the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire-(an earlier version of FTND) 41,42 based ND in 130 New Zealand families ascertained for ND, 10 and 37 Mb apart from a locus for smoking quantity recently identified in an AfricanAmerican population. 13 As the flanking markers yielded unsubstantial two-point NPL scores, the multipoint NPL curve remains flat.…”

Section: Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Loci In Finnish Twinsmentioning

confidence: 47%

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

et al. 2007

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The significant worldwide health burden introduced by tobacco smoking highlights the importance of studying the genetic determinants of smoking behavior and the key factor sustaining compulsive smoking, that is, nicotine dependence (ND). We have here addressed the genetic background of smoking in a special study sample of twins, harmonized for early life events and specifically ascertained for smoking from the nationwide twin cohort of the genetically unique population of Finland. The twins and their families were carefully examined for extensive phenotype profiles and a genomewide scan was performed to identify loci behind the smoking status, ND and the comorbid phenotype of ND and alcohol use in 505 individuals from 153 families. We replicated previous linkage findings on 10q (max logarithm of the odds (LOD) 3.12) for a smoker phenotype, and on 7q and 11p (max LOD 2.50, and 2.25, respectively) for the ND phenotype. The loci linked for ND also showed evidence for linkage for the comorbid phenotype. Our study provides confirmatory evidence for the involvement of these genome regions in the genetic etiology of smoking behavior and ND and for the first time associates drinking and smoking to a shared locus on 10q.

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Section: Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Loci In Finnish Twinsmentioning

confidence: 47%

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

et al. 2007

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“…"difficulty concentrating") rated on a scale from 1 ("not at all") to 5 ("extremely") based on how intensely participants report experiencing those symptoms during past quit attempts (alpha = .91). Fagerström, 1978). The FTQ was used as a continuous self-report measure of nicotine dependence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Marshall¹,

Zvolensky²,

Vujanovic³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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The present investigation compared 123 community-recruited daily smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), nonclinical panic attacks (PA), or no current Axis I psychopathology (controls; C) in terms of nicotine dependence, smoking rate, quit history, severity of symptoms during past quit attempts, and motivation for and expectancies about smoking. No differences were observed between groups in regard to smoking rate or nicotine dependence. The PTSD group reported making more lifetime quit attempts than the other groups, and the PTSD and PD groups perceived more severe symptoms during past quit attempts. The PD and PTSD groups reported greater motivation to smoke to reduce negative affect. Individuals with PTSD endorsed a stronger expectation that smoking would alleviate negative mood states and would produce negative consequences. Overall, results suggest that smokers with PD or PTSD differ from other smoking groups in a number of clinically significant ways. Keywords Smoking; Panic; PTSD; Anxiety Disorders; Smoking Motives and ExpectanciesCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Michael J. Zvolensky, Ph.D. at The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington,. Electronic mail may be sent to Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. There is an increasing empirical recognition that tobacco use and dependence are elevated among those with psychopathology compared to those without psychiatric conditions (Kalman, Morissette, & George, 2005). For example, persons with, relative to those without, psychiatric disorders are approximately twice as likely to be current smokers (Lasser et al., 2000). Moreover, it is estimated that although smokers with psychiatric disorders represent approximately 20% of persons in the United States (U.S.), they consume over 40% of the cigarettes in the nation (Lasser et al., 2000). Such high rates of smoking among those with psychiatric disorders may play a clinically significant role in the high rates of diagnostic comorbidity and mortality observed in people with psychiatric disorders (Kalman et al., 2005). NIH Public AccessRecent studies have found important linkages between smoking and certain anxiety disorders (Feldner, Babson, & Zvolensky, 2007a;Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007;Patton, Carlin, Coffey, Wolfe, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1998; Zvolensky, Feldner, LeenFeldner, & McLeish, 2005 (Beckham et al., 1995;Breslau et al., 2003;Buckley et al., 2004;Feldner et al., 2007a). Recent contr...

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“…Smoking characteristics such as the Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (FTCD;Fagerström 1978;Fagerström 2012), abstinence period, carbon monoxide measures taken prior to the start of the intervention, and number of years the participant had been smoking, were also included as potential predictors and/or moderators in the analyses. Participants were categorised as being physically active (≥ 150 minutes of moderate or vigorous activity in a week) or inactive (<150 minutes of moderate or vigorous activity in a week), to explore the effects of participants' baseline PA levels on the effects of acute bouts of PA on cigarette cravings.…”

Section: Potential Predictors Moderators and Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings: Exploration of potential moderators, mediators and physical activity attributes using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses

et al. 2014

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Rationale The effects of acute bouts of physical activity (PA) on Strength of Desire (SoD) and Desire to Smoke (DtS) using individual participant data (IPD) from 19 acute randomised controlled studies were quantified. However, there is a need to identify factors influencing this relationship. Objectives To understand who most benefits from PA, whether changes in affect mediate these effects, and whether any specific attributes of PA are associated with cigarette cravings. Methods IPD (N=930) contributed to one-stage IPD meta-analyses.Participants engaging in PA were compared against controls, using post-intervention DtS and SoD (when DtS not available) with baseline adjustments. The cravings scales were linearly rescaled to 0-100% (a mean difference between groups of -10 would indicate that postintervention cravings were 10% lower in the PA compared with the control group).Demographic, smoking and other characteristics were examined as predictors and potential moderators whereas change in affect was considered as a mediator. PA was categorised according to type, duration and intensity, to determine PA attributes associated with cravings reduction. Results None of the included covariates were shown to moderate or mediate the effects of PA. Intensity of PA was significantly associated with a reduction in cravings; moderate and vigorous intensity PA offered the most benefits. A one-stage IPD meta-analysis yielded effects size of -9.22 (-15.24; -3.20) for light, -34.57 (-42.64; -26.50) for moderate and -31.29 (-38.00; -24.57) for vigorous intensity in comparison with controls. Conclusions Moderate intensity PA could be recommended to all smokers regardless of demographic, smoking and other characteristics.

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Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment

Cited by 2,039 publications

References 12 publications

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

The acute effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings: Exploration of potential moderators, mediators and physical activity attributes using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses

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