Measuring corporate environmental crime rates: progress and problems

Gibbs, Carole; Simpson, Sally S.

doi:10.1007/s10611-008-9145-1

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some researchers take a broader view to estimate the prevalence of environmental harm in the United States (Bullard et al, 2009), while others have utilized a variety of self-reported data and government databases to look at the prevalence and causes of environmental crime (Brickey, 2001;Lynch et al, 2004aLynch et al, , 2004bStretesky, 2006;Ozymy and Jarrell, 2012). Ultimately, there is simply a need for more data to properly empirically assess both the prevalence and prosecution of green crimes in the United States and abroad (Gibbs and Simpson, 2009). In this article, we follow the lead of scholars that utilize government databases to look at the prevalence of green crimes occurring across the United States, with a particular focus on federal environmental crime prosecutions occurring within and across the U.S. states, 2001-2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While theorizing and describing the causes of green crime has been an early goal of green criminologists, describing the extent of green crimes locally or comparatively can be difficult, as there are no uniform or national statistics in the United States regarding the prevalence of environmental crimes (Gibbs and Simpson, 2009). Generally researchers develop databases or rely on estimates, based on governmental data or more limited data provided by non-governmental organizations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states

Ozymy¹,

Jarrell²

2017

Palgrave Commun

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While green criminologists note that environmental crimes are taken less seriously than street crimes by law enforcement and the criminal justice system, the diffuse structure of the environmental regulatory regime in the United States and lack of governmental databases makes empirical assessment of environmental crimes and enforcement efforts particularly difficult. This article builds on a need in the green criminological literature to empirically assess the distribution and prosecution of environmental crimes in the United States, by focusing on the underserved area of the U.S. states. Using content analysis of 972 federal environmental crime prosecutions 2001-2011, this article explores the nature and geography of these crimes and subsequent prosecutions within and across the U.S. states. Our findings show a wide distribution of crimes and prosecutions occurring across the states, with Clean Air and Clean Water violations being particularly prevalent. We also find a weak trend between prosecutions and both the amount of pollution and number of environmental groups per state, but the small number of cases and limitations of the data make drawing firm conclusions difficult. These findings show an increased need to build databases to understand the prevalence of environmental crimes and the prosecution of those offenses in the U.S. states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states

Ozymy¹,

Jarrell²

2017

Palgrave Commun

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“…To date, the study of illegal waste activity has been constrained by data collection and data quality issues (Gibbs and Simpson, 2009). Most crime analysis (conducted in policing agencies) is conducted using information that is recorded in databases on crime incidents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…exporting and importing) are not subject to any pre-notification requirements, which means that the authorities are not consistently informed about this type of activity. However, illegal waste activity is a relatively new legal concept and subject of study (Gibbs and Simpson, 2009), so perhaps it is natural that it takes time for appropriate recording systems to emerge. For example, it has only been in the last 20 years that police agencies have systematically managed the recording of incidents of crime electronically, even though in some cases these agencies have existed for centuries (Ratcliffe, 2008).…”

Section: Data Recording and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling Illegal Waste Activity: Using Crime Scripts as a Data Collection and Analytical Strategy

Tompson

Chainey

2011

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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The illegal treatment and trade of waste is an international problem which is widely assumed to be both evolving and growing. Emergent forms of criminality such as this often have the problem of data being in scarce supply, and as a result are difficult to study, and subsequently understand. In this paper we introduce the methodological concept of script analysis to assist a more objective assessment and understanding of illegal waste activity. This includes using crime scripts in two ways; to help identify data requirements, and as a tool to analyse illegal waste processes. We illustrate the utility of this methodology using waste electrical and electronic equipment. In doing so, we argue that this approach elicits a specific, focused account of what illegal activity has occurred, and nests it within the wider context of the waste management system. We anticipate that using this methodology will provide academics and practitioners a means of enhancing the investigation, detection and prevention of illegal waste activity.

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“…Measuring environmental crime is complex [62] and it is difficult to assess [63]. Illegal transports of e-waste are no exception.…”

Section: The Scale Of Illegal Transports Of E-waste: Best Guesstimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Is it all going to waste? Illegal transports of e-waste in a European trade hub

Bisschop

2012

Crime Law Soc Change

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This article responds to the call for more empirical knowledge about transnational environmental crime. It does so by analysing the case of illegal transports of electronic waste (e-waste) in a European trade hub. Given the complexity and global nature of transnational environmental crime, it is difficult to determine which actors are involved. In this regard, a local research setting allows the actors involved in illegal transports of e-waste to be identified. This research tries to determine whether these actors and their roles can be considered legal or illegal and illustrates the legal-illegal interfaces in e-waste flows. Moreover, this case study analyses the push, pull and facilitating factors and therefore looks at what motivations and opportunities shape the flows of e-waste in locations of origin, transit and destination. The results show that the social organisation and emergence of transnational environmental crime is on a thin line between legal and illegal which needs to be contextualised within the global reality of the locations of origin, transit and destination.

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Measuring corporate environmental crime rates: progress and problems

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states

Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states

Profiling Illegal Waste Activity: Using Crime Scripts as a Data Collection and Analytical Strategy

Is it all going to waste? Illegal transports of e-waste in a European trade hub

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