Measuring Coping Among Family Members with Substance-Misusing Relatives: Testing Competing Factor Structures of the Coping Questionnaire (CQ) in England and Italy

Abstract

Background: The Coping Questionnaire measures affected family members' responses to their relatives' substance misuse related problems. The Coping Questionnaire examines three main coping strategies: engaged, tolerant-inactive, and withdrawal coping. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to compare competing conceptual measurement models across two countries, including one-factor, three-factor, and higher order factor models. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from five previous studies was conducted. Samples of affected family members from England (N ¼ 323) and Italy (N ¼ 165) were aggregated into two country specific groups. Series of confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the degree of model fit and the effects of socio-demographic variables on the coping factors. Results: A bifactor model fitted the data most closely relative to the one-and three-factor models. High rates of common variance (60-65%) were attributable to the general coping factor, while a high proportion of the variance related to the withdrawal coping subscale score was independent (66-89%) of the general coping factor. Family members' country, age, gender, the type of relationship and the main problematic substance had significant effects on the coping factors. Conclusions: A bifactor model related to coping behaviors is consistent with the theoretical assumptions of the general coping literature. The concept of a general coping factor also fits the theoretical assumptions of the stress-strain-coping-support model, with family members showing a general tendency to cope with the harmful circumstances which arise due to substance misuse.

Identifying Dimensions to Include in the Assessment of Concerned Significant Others of People With Problematic Internet Use: A Scoping Review

“…These dimensions include screen time, communication, conflict, intimacy, financial problems, the distribution of chores and responsibilities, psychological and emotional impacts, the partner’s view of the spouse, and coping strategies. The results also allowed us to identify similarities between the partners of people with PIU, substance use disorder, and gambling disorder, both in terms of consequences and coping strategies 18,36–42 . These similarities are noteworthy as they add to current knowledge on the experiences of CSOs of people with PIU and pave the way for interventions that should be carried out with them.…”

“…18,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42] These similarities are noteworthy as they add to current knowledge on the experiences of CSOs of people with PIU and pave the way for DECEMBER 2023 interventions that should be carried out with them. Research in the field of addiction to alcohol and other drugs (AODs) emphasizes the benefits of including CSOs in interventions with people with an addiction: it helps improve CSOs' well-being…”

Emotional Intelligence as a Resource for Codependent Women

“…Our study proved the known evidence that codependents prefer to use different coping strategies simultaneously as they feel hesitant about the choice and often do not know which strategy would serve best. This strategy blending -"a general resource coping factor" contributes to successful general coping with a difficult situation (Horváth et al, 2019).…”

“…We observed that the components and total scores of strategic and general EIs may have a polar opposite impact on the same coping behaviour pattern -while some may act as an incentive to follow it, others may work the other way. We consider inconsistent coping and strategy blending (Horváth et al, 2019) a possible explanation of the phenomena. Considering the total scores solely, we can observe a https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.04.27 Corresponding Author: Svetlana Abdurakhmanovna Khazova Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 2357-1330 217 positive impact of strategic EI, which implies reducing confrontation with the situation by means of both risky, non-adaptive behaviour and further distancing from the situation through to one's cognitive efforts.…”

“…They mention immature mechanisms which are aimed to reduce anxiety but ineffective for adaptive emotion regulation and prevent symptom reduction (Punzi & Lindgren, 2019). Though data on codependent's coping are inconsistent, they suggest that low codependency implies more active coping strategies, seeking for positive reappraisal and opportunities for personal growth; on the other hand, high codependency involves a more passive, "wait and see" attitude, inability to find resources for coping, troubled relationships' enhancement, and self-change (Kuzmin & Potapova, 2016), which, according to some scholars, indicates one's acceptance of / support for an addiction (Horváth et al, 2019). However, some results report successful stress coping among codependents who manage to distance themselves from an addict and focus on their own needs (Horváth et al, 2019).…”