Measuring Codependency

Fischer, Judith L.; Spann, Lynda

doi:10.1300/j020v08n01_06

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…These discoveries about the prevalence of codependency are congruent with findings from other studies (Gotham & Sher, 1996;Hughes-Hammer et al, 1998a). Data analysis in this study found a weak correlation between codependency and anxiety, and between codependency and anger, which is consistent with the findings in past literature (Cullen & Carr, 1999;Fischer et al, 1991;Gotham & Sher, 1996;Hinkin & Kahn, 1995). No significant correlation was found between codependency and depression, or between codependency and compulsivity in this study, a finding that is inconsistent with other studies in the literature (Cullen & Carr, 1999;Gotham & Sher, 1996, Hinkin & Kahn, 1995Hughes-Hammer et al, 1998a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Codependency has been described in situations independent of chemical addiction and has been found to engender susceptibility to a myriad of health problems (Cermak, 1986a;Schaef, 1986;Wegscheider-Cruse, 1985;Whitfield, 1991). Anxiety, depression, anger, and compulsivity are the psychological problems most frequently noted in the literature associated with overeating and codependency (Cullen & Carr, 1999;Fischer, Spann, & Crawford, 1991;Gotham & Sher, 1996;Hinkin & Kahn, 1995;Hughes-Hammer et al, 1998a;Slochower, Kaplan, & Mann, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development and Testing of the Codependency-Overeating Model in Undergraduate Social Science Students in a Mississippi College

Bynum

2012

Sage Open

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Overeating is a common eating disorder and often leads to obesity and to significant physical, emotional, and social problems often warranting nursing care. Codependency has expanded beyond the chemical dependency field and describes the dysfunctional pattern of behavior of an individual in a relationship with another person or from survival in a dysfunctional family of origin. The psychological and behavioral factors surrounding overeating are noted frequently in the literature but are not emphasized in most overeating treatment programs. Anxiety, depression, anger, and compulsivity are the psychological problems often linked with overeating and codependency. The purpose of this study was to test the CodependencyOvereating Model (COM) by examining the relationship between overeating and codependency, anxiety, depression, anger, and compulsivity. The variables were measured with the Overeating Questionnaire, Codependency Assessment Tool, and Symptom Checklist-90-R. This study used a model-testing correlational design with 567 students recruited from a Mississippi community college. Pearson's product-moment correlations noted weak correlations between age and anxiety (r = .12), age and depression (r = .20), age and compulsivity (r = .20), codependency and anxiety (r = .12), and codependency and anger (r = .16). No significant correlations were noted between overeating and codependency, anxiety, depression, anger, or compulsivity. Although the predictive relationships were not verified in the model, several important ways to minimize limitations in future studies were identified. The development and testing of the COM was the beginning step in pursuing a solid understanding of overeating and codependency and a catalyst for worthwhile future research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Testing of the Codependency-Overeating Model in Undergraduate Social Science Students in a Mississippi College

Bynum

2012

Sage Open

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“…After the initial measurement model analysis, we mailed the 18-item SIS v 2.0 (embedded in SIS v 1.0) to a randomly selected sample (n = 98), along with the Spann-Fisher Codependency Scale 19 and the SF-36. 20 We asked respondents to complete all 3 instruments.…”

Section: Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of an Instrument for Measuring Healing

Meza¹,

Fahoome²

2008

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE Our lack of ability to measure healing attributes impairs our ability to research the topic. The specifi c aim of this project is to describe the psychological and social construct of healing and to create a valid and reliable measurement scale for attributes of healing.METHODS A content expert conducted a domain analysis examining the existing literature of midrange theories of healing. Theme saturation of content sampling was ensured by brainstorming more than 220 potential items. Selection of items was sequential: pile sorting and data reduction, with factor analysis of a mailed 54-item questionnaire. Criterion validity (convergent and divergent) and temporal reliability were established using a second mailing of the development version of the instrument. Construct validity was judged with structural equation modeling for goodness of fi t. RESULTSCronbach's α of the original questionnaire was .869 and the fi nal scale was .862. The test-retest reliability was .849. Eigenvalues for the 2 factors were 8 and 4, respectively. Divergent and convergent validity using the SpannFischer Codependency Scale and SF-36 mental health and emotional subscales were consistent with predictions. The root mean square error of approximation was 0.066 and Bentler's Comparative Fit Index was 0.871. Root mean square residual was 0.102. CONCLUSIONSWe developed a valid and reliable measurement scale for attributes of healing, which we named the Self-Integration Scale v 2.1. By creating a new variable, new areas of research in humanistic health care are possible.

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“…Codependent individuals also seek the approval of others to build their low selfconfidence. Thus, in theory, some of the primary characteristics of codependency are lack of autonomy, excessive involvement in caretaking for the purpose of gaining emotional support, and low self-confidence (Cermak, 1986;Fischer, Spann, & Crawford, 1991;Irwin, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One questionnaire that does have a growing body of empirical support is the SpannFischer Codependency Scale (Fischer et al, 1991), which is accruing promising reliability and validity data. The Spann-Fischer is a self-report, 16-item scale utilizing a Likerttype (1 to 6) format.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Codependency: Predictors and psychometric issues

1999

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This study examined the relationships between codependency and age, gender, self-confidence, autonomy, and succorance, which is the quality of soliciting emotional support from others. The study also tested the validity of the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale (Fischer, Spann, & Crawford, 1991). Ninety-five undergraduates completed a demographic sheet, the Adjective Check List (Gough & Heilbrun, 1983), the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale, the Co-Dependents Anonymous Checklist (Whitfield, 1991), and a questionnaire developed for this study based on the work of Hemfelt, Minirth, and Meier (1989). As predicted, codependency was negatively related to self-confidence and positively related to succorance. However, contrary to expectation, a negative relationship between codependency and autonomy was not found. In addition, low self-confidence was the strongest predictor of codependency. Finally, all three measures of codependency were strongly related, attesting to the convergent validity of the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale. Future studies should further investigate the role of emotional autonomy and codependency and should begin to utilize an experimental approach, making predictions regarding the behavior of codependent and noncodependent persons in experimental situations.

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Measuring Codependency

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

The Development and Testing of the Codependency-Overeating Model in Undergraduate Social Science Students in a Mississippi College

The Development and Testing of the Codependency-Overeating Model in Undergraduate Social Science Students in a Mississippi College

The Development of an Instrument for Measuring Healing

Codependency: Predictors and psychometric issues

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