Measuring Childhood Adversity in Life Course Cardiovascular Research: A Systematic Review

Appleton, Allison A.; Holdsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ryan, Margaret; Tracy, Melissa

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000430

Cited by 63 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Because childhood adversities tend to cluster together, measures of "cumulative adversity" are often derived as counts of events occurring during a specified time period (Atkinson et al, 2015;Evans, Li, & Whipple, 2013;Raposa, Hammen, Brennan, O'Callaghan, & Najman, 2014;Turner & Lloyd, 1995), with greater numbers of events associated with greater severity of mental health problems (Björkenstam et al, 2017;Chapman et al, 2004;Edwards, Holden, Felitti, & Anda, 2003;Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 2000;Mersky et al, 2013;Schilling et al, 2007). However, many studies of cumulative adversity rely on retrospective self-reports of childhood events and circumstances (Benjet et al, 2010;Lloyd & Turner, 2008;Whitesell et al, 2007), use simple counts of dichotomized items (Slopen, Koenen, & Kubzansky, 2014;Slopen, Kubzansky, McLaughlin, & Koenen, 2013), and fail to account for the timing or persistence of adversity throughout childhood (Appleton, Holdsworth, Ryan, & Tracy, 2017;Slopen et al, 2014) when examining its effects on health later in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

et al. 2019

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Background: The significance of the timing and chronicity of childhood adversity for depression outcomes later in life is unclear. Identifying trajectories of adversity throughout childhood would allow classification of children according to the accumulation, timing, and persistence of adversity, and may provide unique insights into the risk of subsequent depression.Methods: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we created a composite adversity score comprised of 10 prospectively assessed domains (e.g., violent victimization, inter-parental conflict, and financial hardship) for each of eight time points from birth through age 11.5 years. We used semiparametric groupbased trajectory modeling to derive childhood adversity trajectories and examined the association between childhood adversity and depression outcomes at the age of 18 years.Results: Among 9,665 participants, five adversity trajectories were identified, representing stable-low levels (46.3%), stable-mild levels (37.1%), decreasing levels (8.9%), increasing levels (5.3%), and stable-high levels of adversity (2.5%) from birth through late childhood. Approximately 8% of the sample met criteria for probable depression at 18 years and the mean depression severity score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 3.95, range 0-21). The risk of depression in young adulthood was elevated in the decreasing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.48), increasing (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.15-2.86), and stable-high (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00-3.23) adversity groups, compared to those with stable-low adversity, when adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusions: Children in trajectory groups characterized by moderate or high levels of adversity at some point in childhood exhibited consistently greater depression risk and depression severity, regardless of the timing of adversity. K E Y W O R D S adverse childhood experiences, ALSPAC, childhood adversity, depression, mental health, trajectories Depress Anxiety. 2019;36:596-606. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/da 596 |

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

et al. 2019

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“…Notwithstanding an abundance of literature describing models for a life-course approach and its value in health promotion, precise guidelines for its implementation and measurement could not be found and very few studies directly answered the synthesis question (35)(36)(37)(38). Of the 24 documents included in this report, some suggested validated measures as indicators for evaluating programmes focusing on a range of issues based on a life-course approach (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)49), and others indirectly indicated implementation of a life-course approach (18,30,34,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are structured in three groups: conceptual frameworks; quantitative methods, including evaluation frameworks and indicator sets; and qualitative methods. The majority of studies were based on research in the United States of America (30,35,36,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), followed by those based on policies and programme implementations in the United Kingdom (18,45), Australia (46) and international organizations such as WHO and the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (34,37,38,47-53).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the study faced challenges with identifying methodologies to determine the impact of the initiatives and changes over time. A systematic review on life-course cardiovascular research suggested that longitudinal studies can be used effectively to develop post hoc measures from existing data for childhood adversity (39). Most studies included in this review were based on the accumulation-of-risk model.…”

Section: Quantitative Measurement Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrospective accounts of adversity using standardized questionnaires also allowed for comparability across studies and facilitated the exploration of interventions in a population-based setting. However, it was concluded that this approach lacked a time-based component and could introduce biases related to recall and social desirability (39). The need to study positive factors that might enhance resilience and promote cardiovascular health was also emphasized (39).…”

Section: Quantitative Measurement Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Résumés d’ouvrages

2019

Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique

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A life-course approach to health and well-being has become a pillar in health policy-making; for example, Member States of the WHO European Region in the 2015 Minsk Declaration resolved to make greater use of a life-course approach in health policies. However, strategies for implementation of a life-course approach, and a plan for monitoring and evaluating this implementation, are lacking. This scoping review identified a lack of literature with a focus on measurement of the implementation of a life-course approach. The report provides suggestions from research on a life-course approach in public health interventions and nationallevel strategies that could aid policy-makers in developing a measurement framework. For example, Member States using a life-course approach in policy at a population level could report on existing interventions in key stages of the life-course using existing survey platforms and routinely collected quantitative data. Ideally, a monitoring and evaluation framework collecting data longitudinally across different life stages over time should be created for Member States.

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Investigating the associations between childhood trauma and cardiovascular health in midlife

Caceres

Britton

Cortés

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Growing evidence suggests that childhood trauma is associated with poorer cardiovascular health in adulthood, but few studies have examined potential mediators of these associations. We examined the links between different forms of childhood trauma (i.e., abuse, neglect, cumulative trauma) and cardiovascular health and explored potential mediators. Cross‐sectional data from 1,251 participants in the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States’ II Biomarker Project were analyzed. Path analyses were conducted to examine the associations between childhood trauma and cardiovascular health (i.e., American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 [LS7] score). Depressive symptoms and sleep quality were explored as potential mediators, and exploratory analyses examined whether these associations were moderated by sex. Women reported more severe childhood emotional and sexual abuse and emotional neglect, p < .001 to p = .018, and higher LS7 scores, p = .027, than men. Path analyses demonstrated the total effects of increasing severity of all forms of childhood trauma with LS7 scores were significant, and cumulative childhood trauma was inversely associated with LS7 score Bs = ‐0.306– ‐0.076, p < .001–p = .048. The range of total effects of different forms of childhood trauma on LS7 scores mediated by depressive symptoms and sleep quality was 26.8%–57.5%. Sex moderated the associations between all forms of childhood trauma and cardiovascular health. Longitudinal studies are needed that examine mediators of the associations between childhood trauma and cardiovascular health. Findings suggest sex‐specific, trauma‐informed approaches for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults exposed to childhood trauma may be needed.

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Measuring Childhood Adversity in Life Course Cardiovascular Research: A Systematic Review

Cited by 63 publications

References 71 publications

Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Résumés d’ouvrages

Investigating the associations between childhood trauma and cardiovascular health in midlife

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