Measuring Charisma: Dimensionality and Validity of the Conger‐Kanungo Scale of Charismatic Leadership

Abstract

As part of an ongoing research program on charismatic leadership, Conger and Kanungo (1994) developed and tested a questionnaire to measure the perceived behavioural dimensions of charismatic leadership as proposed in their model (1987, 1988). This article reports on further analyses of the dimensionality and validity of the Conger‐Kanungo‐scale. It begins with a reanalysis of the data from the 1994 study. It then reports on three separate studies conducted in the United States using managers (N=W3), in Canada using political party delegates (N=71), and in India using clerical staff (N=98), to examine convergent and discriminant validity. The results of the dimensionality analyses suggest a five‐factor model consistent with the Weberian notion of charismatic leadership. The results of the U.S., Canadian, and Indian studies provide further evidence that the Conger‐Kanungo scale has acceptable reliability and validity as a diagnostic tool in diverse contexts. Résumé Dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche en cours sur le leadership charismatique, Conger et Kanungo (1994) ont congu et testé un questionnaire pour mesurer les dimensions comportementales du leadership charismatique perçues telles que proposées dans leur modele (1987, 1988). Cette communication rend compte d'autres analyses de la dimensionalité et de la validité de I'échelle de Conger‐Kanungo. En commencant par une nouvelle analyse des données provenant de I'étude de 1994, cette communication rend compte également de trois études distinctes, I'une menée aux états‐Unis auprès de gestionnaires (N=103), une autre au Canada auprès de délégues de partis politiques (N=71) et la troisième en Inde auprès d'employés de bureau (N‐98), en vue d'examiner la validité concourante et la validité discriminante d'unefonction. Les résultats des analyses de dimensionalité suggèrent un modèle à cinq facteurs cadrant avec la notion Wébérienne du leadership charismatique. Les études menées aux états‐Unis, au Canada et en Inde confirment que I'échelle de Conger‐Kanungo en tant qu'instrument diagnostique a un degré de fiabi‐lité et de validité acceptable dans divers contextes.

The Romanticization of Charismatic Leadership in the Arts

“…The concept was adopted by the early Christian church to describe these gifts or charismata , which enabled recipients to carry out 4 extraordinary feats (Conger et al 1997). The pioneering work of Max Weber (1864-1920 is often the starting point for studies into charismatic leadership.…”

“…At the positive end of this dichotomy, transformational leaders are presented as ethical, graced with the ability to inspire and motivate their followers to achieve outcomes that transcend self-interest; focus on the good of the collective; and create mutual stimulation and elevation (Burns 1978). These transformational leaders are described as the ultimate change agents and charisma is posited as a core component of their leadership style (Conger et al 1997). As the theory developed, so did the binary distinctions.…”

A Research on the Relationship of Charismatic Leadership Behaviors of Agricultural Cooperative Managers With Cooperative Shareholders’ Performance and Satisfaction

“…Researchers randomly found Çukobirlik shareholders in various villages, towns, and districts to fill the survey face to face. To measure the charismatic leadership of cooperative managers in the study, 20 propositions of the Revised C-K Leadership Scale of Charismatic scale were used (Conger, Kanungo, Menon, & Mathur, 1997). Conger et al (1997) developed this scale in order to measure collective values of societies.…”

“…To measure the charismatic leadership of cooperative managers in the study, 20 propositions of the Revised C-K Leadership Scale of Charismatic scale were used (Conger, Kanungo, Menon, & Mathur, 1997). Conger et al (1997) developed this scale in order to measure collective values of societies. Since Turkey is a collective values society (Hofstede, 1980), this scale was used.…”

A liderança carismática em organizações de saúde do sul de Santa Catarina

“…Foi utilizado como base teórica Conger et al (1997) que desenvolveu um modelo teórico de liderança carismática composto por cinco dimensões, i) visão estratégica e articulação (SVA); ii) sensibilidade ao ambiente (SE); iii) sensibilidade aos membros (SMN); iv) risco pessoal (PR); v) comportamento não convencional (VB). Esta pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva e de campo, cuja análise dos dados foi predominantemente quantitativa.…”