Measuring Causal Attributions: The Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDSII)

McAuley, Edward; Duncan, Terry E.; Russell, Daniel W.

doi:10.1177/0146167292185006

Cited by 441 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Shimodera et al (2002) showed the sensitivity with the FMSS was 66.7% and the specificity was 95.2% in a sample of Japanese families of patients with mood disorders. (McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992). The scale includes three items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Acceptance-Based Psychoeducation Intervention to Reduce Expressed Emotion in Relatives of Bipolar Patients

Eisner

Johnson

2008

Behavior Therapy

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Expressed emotion (EE) is a robust predictor of outcome in bipolar disorder. Despite decades of research, interventions to reduce EE levels have had only modest effects. This study used an expanded model of EE to develop an intervention. Research has demonstrated a strong link between attributions and EE in families of patients with psychiatric disorders. There is also substantial research to suggest that anger can drive blaming attributions. Combining these ideas, this study built on previous psychoeducation interventions through the addition of an acceptance component designed to decrease anger and blaming attributions among family members of those with bipolar disorder. Twenty-eight family members attended a 1-day or 2-evening multifamily group workshop and completed a followup assessment 1 week later. At follow-up, participants demonstrated more knowledge about bipolar disorder. Anger, blaming attributions, and number of criticisms remained unchanged. Results of this study are consistent with others in that it is difficult to change EE. Implications for future clinical research in this area are addressed.The construct of expressed emotion (EE) is defined as critical, hostile, or emotionally overinvolved (EOI) attitudes toward a relative with a psychiatric disorder (Hooley, Rosen, & Richters, 1995). EE has been linked with poor patient outcome for several psychiatric disorders (Barrowclough & Hooley, 2003;Butzlaff & Hooley, 1998). Butzlaff and Hooley (1998) found a meta-analytic effect size of r=.39 across six studies that examined the relationship between EE and relapse within mood disorders. More recent research suggests that, although EE was unrelated to manic relapse, high EE was related to a five-fold increase in the odds of a depressive recurrence, even after controlling for symptom severity (Yan, Hammen, Cohen, Daley, & Henry, 2004). Criticism has been found to be the most important element of EE for understanding the course of mood disorders (Hooley et al., 1995) and for bipolar depression (Kim & Miklowitz, 2004). Thus, EE has an influence on bipolar relapse, more specifically for depression.What drives high levels of criticism? According to Weiner's (1995) attribution-affect model, attributions influence the way people experience emotion. In particular, when an individual perceives that another person is in control of his or her behavior, this leads to a judgment that the other person is responsible for his or her behavior. A judgment that the other person is responsible elicits anger and criticism. High EE relatives who are critical have a tendency to view symptoms of mental illness as behaviors that are within the patient's control (Barrowclough, Johnston, & Tarrier, 1994). Because high EE relatives believe the patient is in control of his or her behavior, they believe the patient must also be capable of modifying this behavior. Thus, relatives struggle to normalize the patient's behavior through negative feedback and controlling behavior of their own (Hooley & Campbell, 2002 Several studie...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) is a self-report measure of how people perceive causes of particular situations (McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992). The scale includes three items.…”

Section: Attributions-thementioning

confidence: 99%

An Acceptance-Based Psychoeducation Intervention to Reduce Expressed Emotion in Relatives of Bipolar Patients

Eisner

Johnson

2008

Behavior Therapy

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“…Causal Dimension Scale II (CDS II;McAuley, Duncan & Russell, 1992). This scale shows whether the causes attributed by alcoholics to their periods of abstinence and relapses are internal/external, stable/unstable and controllable/uncontrollable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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SThe aim of the study is to determine which factors are associated with abstinence in alcoholics. Observational and cross-sectional studies were carried out to study the relationships between causal attributions, selfefficacy and locus of control expectancies, and coping behavior in the problem of alcohol abuse, on the one hand, and abstinence, on the other. Chronicity and background variables are also analyzed. Participants w e re 201 alcoholics in outpatient treatment. Correlation analysis revealed close relationship among the psychological variables, as well as between these variables and abstinence: longer periods of abstinence were associated with more positive causal attributions, higher self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and more active coping behavior. A hierarchical regression analysis was also performed, showing that certain attributions, self-efficacy, and locus of control accounted for abstinence, but coping did not. Background did not reveal any association, but attending treatment and self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, did. Because of their relationship, it is suggested that cognitive variables should be enhanced in treatment.Key-words: Attributions, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Coping, Abstinence, Alcoholism.Note: In memoriam to Isabel Vielva, the first author. Today is not with us, but her work and friendship will last always. Salud y drogas • Vol.2 • Nº 1 • 2002 29 RESUMENEl objetivo del estudio es encontrar factores asociados a la abstinencia. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal en el que se analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales, las expectativas de autoeficacia y de lugar de control y la conducta de afrontamiento ante el problema de alcoholismo, por un lado, y la abstinencia, por otro, en una muestra de 201 alcohólicos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Se analizan también variables sociodemográficas y de cronicidad. Los análisis de correlación revelan una relación estrecha entre las variables psicológicas entre si y con la abstinencia: cuanto mayor es el tiempo de abstinencia, más positivas son las atribuciones causales, mayor es la autoeficacia, mayor es el lugar de control interno y más activo es el afrontamiento. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple, que mostró que algunas atribuciones, la autoeficacia y el lugar de control explicaban por si solas la abstinencia, no así el afrontamiento. Las variables sociodemográficas no resultaron tener una asociación significativa, pero sí la asistencia al tratamiento y a grupos de autoayuda. Debido a las implicaciones que tienen estas variables en el curso y pronóstico de la dependencia, se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las variables cognitivas en el tratamiento del alcoholismo.

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“…Scale II (CDSII; McAuley, Duncan & Russell, 1992), with instructions modified to reflect causes of adherence to exercise. The CDSII was a 12 item test, each item with numbers one through nine with opposing descriptions as anchors which were unique to each item.…”

Section: Attributions the Attributions Measurement Used Was The Causmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the CDSII divided the controllability dimension as described previously (Weiner, 1992) into two dimensions: personal control and external control (McAuley, Duncan & Russell, 1992). Personal control refers to the ability of the person to control the primary cause (controllable or uncontrollable), while external control refers to the ability of others to control the primary cause (controllable or uncontrollable).…”

Section: Attributions the Attributions Measurement Used Was The Causmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulation and physical activity in WKU employees

Perkins¹

2014

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Measuring Causal Attributions: The Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDSII)

Cited by 441 publications

References 30 publications

An Acceptance-Based Psychoeducation Intervention to Reduce Expressed Emotion in Relatives of Bipolar Patients

An Acceptance-Based Psychoeducation Intervention to Reduce Expressed Emotion in Relatives of Bipolar Patients

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Self-regulation and physical activity in WKU employees

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