Measuring Attitudes Toward Acceptable and Unacceptable Parenting Practices

Abstract

This study investigated the properties of a new rating instrument, the Parenting Questionnaire (PQ), designed to measure attitudes about acceptable and unacceptable parenting practices. In Study 1, subject matter experts representing culturally diverse psychologists, parents, and college students were consulted to identify 110 items receiving high endorsement. In Study 2, items were administered to 1,398 undergraduate students to examine their factor structure and the effects of ethnicity and gender differences on PQ factors. In Study 3, test-retest reliability (N = 92) and convergent validity (N = 142) of the PQ factors were examined. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (total of 63 items) with high internal consistencies that accounted for a moderate amount of total variance (R 2 = .38). The factors were Critical Feedback (26 items), Supportive Feedback (26 items), and Physical Discipline (11 items). Significant ethnicity and gender differences were found on the three PQ factors, as well as a significant interaction between ethnicity and gender on the Supportive Feedback factor. PQ factor scores demonstrated good temporal stability, internal consistency, and convergent validity. Overall findings suggest that the PQ is a reliable, stable, and valid measure of attitudes toward parenting with three distinct factors. Future research directions with parents are discussed.

Religion and parenting: ignored relationship?

“…Holden 2009;Waylen & Stewart-Brown 2009;Bornstein et al 2012;Respler-Herman et al 2012), Diana Baumrind's (1968 empirically supported conceptualization of parenting still serves as a valid theoretical backdrop to current understanding of caregiving (e.g. Budd et al 2012;Carr & Pike 2012;Tuttle et al 2012). Informed by her ideas, Darling & Steinberg (1993) introduced a model capable of examining components of caregiving relevant to the current study.…”

The Role of Relational-Individual-Collective Self and Parental Attitude in Predicting the Need for Social Approval

“…Bazı araştırmacılar Güney Asya ve Orta Doğu'da ana-baba tutumlarının erkek çocuk lehine olduğunu, kaynakların kısıtlı olması nedeniyle ebeveynlerin böyle bir ayrımcılığa gittiklerini öne sürmektedir (Barcellos, Carvalho ve Lleras-Muney, 2014;Maccini ve Dean, 2009). Ana-baba tutumları ve cinsiyet ile ilgili farklılıkların temelinde sosyo-demografik unsurların bulunduğu değerlendirildiğinde, (Budd, Behling, Li, Parikshak, Gershenson, Feuer ve Danko, 2012) bulguların kültürel çerçevede değerlendirilmesinin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda alanyazın incelendiğinde, cinsiyete göre farklılığın saptandığı araştırmalar (Aydoğdu ve Dilekmen, 2016;Doğru, 2017;Dokuyan, 2016) kadar, farklılığın saptanmadığı çalışmaların da (Biricik, 2011;Çetinkaya, 2019;Sağat, 2016;Özdemir ve Çok, 2011;Tuzgöl, 1998) yer aldığı görülmektedir.…”

Mothers’ Attitudes as Organizers of Discipline Practices and Related Anticipatory Processes

“…A parallel set of Pearson and Spearman correlations is presented given the nonnormality of several study variables (e.g., overreactivity); the results were similar with either statistic. These analyses were followed-up by path analyses of the model implied by the data, estimated with Mplus version 7 software (Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2012 and using robust maximum likelihood estimation to handle the nonnormality present in the data.…”

“…Relational schemas are typically conceptualized in broad terms and include such phenomena as separate schemas about the self and other in the relationship, scripts for social interchanges, as well as beliefs about people and behavior more broadly (Azar, Reitz, & Goslin, 2008;Baldwin, 1992;Milner, 2003). It is further important to distinguish our use of the term parental attitudes from attitudes toward MOTHERS' ATTITUDES 4 parenting (e.g., the acceptability of parenting practices; Budd et al, 2012); these are general views of parental behavior, rather than of a specific child or parent-child relationship.…”