“…Participants who identified their national origin as Asian Indian were categorized as "South Asian" (n = 10,789, 16.58%); participants who identified their background as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or any combination of the three were categorized as "East Asian" (n = 24,093, 37.01%); and participants who identified their background as Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese, or any combination of the five were categorized as "Southeast Asian" (n = 30,209, 46.41%). This categorization, reflecting geographic regions, is consistent with prior research (e.g., Ponce et al, 2022) and allowed us to retain students who selected multiple counties of origin within similar geographic regions (e.g., Japanese and Korean). We examined key demographic covariates and bias-based bullying experiences for differences by country of origin for each of the categorizations, and results indicated very small to small effect sizes for differences.…”