Measuring and modelling anthropogenic secondary seed dispersal along roadverges for feral oilseed rape

Garnier, Aurélie; Pivard, Sandrine; Lecomte, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2007.08.014

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Transport and handling have been identified as the main reasons for spillage of OSR (Crawley and Brown, 2004;Pivard et al, 2008) and are therefore the focus of the present work. In Central Europe, feral OSR plants are able to reproduce, and populations may persist for several years outside cultivation, especially along transportation routes such as railway lines or roads, as known for France (Pessel et al, 2001;Garnier et al, 2008;Pivard et al, 2008), Germany (Dietz-Pfeilstetter et al, 2006;Menzel, 2006;Elling et al, 2009;Middelhoff et al, 2009;Franzaring et al, 2016), the Netherlands (Tamis and de Jong, 2010), Great Britain (Crawley and Brown, 2004;Squire et al, 2010) and Austria (Pascher et al, 2000(Pascher et al, , 2006(Pascher et al, , 2010. In Switzerland, feral glyphosate resistant OSR (GT73) was identified on four of 79 sample sites (Schoenenberger and D'Andrea, 2012), although like in the European Union GT73 is not permitted for cultivation.…”

Section: Oilseed Rape As a Model System For Seed Spillage Along Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seed spillage during handling and transportation promotes establishment and invasion of feral crops into adjacent semi-natural habitats. This is also the case for oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), where seed spillage may lead to establishment of herbicide resistant OSR populations in countries without cultivation of genetically modified OSR. Using data from Austria-where cultivation and import of genetically modified OSR are banned-as a prime example, we demonstrate that ports, oil mills, switchyards, and border railway stations to countries with different electric current systems-where trains have to stop-are the sites of primary concern with respect to seed spillage. Based on the results of the Austrian case study we discuss common measures to limit crop seed spillage which include intensified controls at border railway stations and the mode of seed packing during transportation. We further recommend sufficient cleaning both of goods wagons and of loading areas of trucks and ships as well as an appropriate weed management.Keywords: oilseed rape, transport, seed spillage, feral crop, invasion, mitigation measures, risk assessment, AustriaSeeds of arable crops are regularly spilled during transport and handling activities. These incidents cause intense management efforts and additional costs (Yoshimura et al., 2006). Moreover, the origin and establishment of feral populations along transportation routes contribute to the uncertainty concerning containment of genetically modified (GM) crops outside fields and could therefore interfere with a successful weed management. Here, we focus on oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), a frequently spilled crop (Von der Lippe and Kowarik, 2007) with GM lines already in use, to identify spillage hot-spots due to transportation and handling, allowing us to develop perspectives on common management approaches.Spillage of OSR seeds has intensively been studied worldwide (e.g., Schafer et al., 2011), which makes OSR a primary model system in this context. We chose Austria as study region because this small country is situated in the center of Europe rendering it a nodal point for traffic and international goods carriage.

show abstract

Section: Oilseed Rape As a Model System For Seed Spillage Along Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seed brought in from outside could be carried by vehicles, road verge mowers, animals, or by the movement of soil for agricultural and building works (Wilkinson et al, 1995;Garnier et al, 2008;Wichmann et al, 2009). Garnier et al (2008 showed that wind turbulence behind passing vehicles locally contributed to the secondary dispersal of seed: on average, 20% of the seed was estimated to disperse over a few metres, while 80% of the seed remained at the original place.…”

Section: Redistribution Of Feral Seed Between Local Populations Versumentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Devos

Hails

Messéan³

et al. 2011

Transgenic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.1 | P a g e KEYWORDSGenetically modified oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, seed spillage, ferality, persistence, invasiveness, coexistence, introgression 2 | P a g e ABSTRACTOne of the concerns surrounding the import (for food and feed uses or processing) of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape is that, through seed spillage, the herbicide tolerance (HT) trait will escape into agricultural or semi-natural habitats, causing environmental or economic problems. Based on these concerns, three EU countries have invoked national safeguard clauses to ban the marketing of specific GMHT oilseed rape events on their territory. However, the scientific basis for the environmental and economic concerns posed by feral GMHT oilseed rape resulting from seed import spills is debatable.While oilseed rape has characteristics such as secondary dormancy and small seed size that enable it to persist and be redistributed in the landscape, the presence of ferals is not in itself an environmental or economic problem. Crucially, feral oilseed rape has not become invasive outside cultivated and ruderal habitats, and HT traits are not likely to result in increased invasiveness. Feral GMHT oilseed rape has the potential to introduce HT traits to volunteer weeds in agricultural fields, but would only be amplified if the herbicides to which HT volunteers are tolerant were used routinely in the field. However, this worst-case scenario is most unlikely, as seed import spills are mostly confined to port areas. Economic concerns revolve around the potential for feral GMHT oilseed rape to contribute to GM admixtures in non-GM crops. Since feral plants derived from cultivation (as distinct from import) occur at too low a frequency to affect the coexistence threshold of 0.9% in the EU, it can be concluded that feral GMHT plants resulting from seed import spills will have little relevance as a potential source of pollen or seed for GM admixture. This paper concludes that feral oilseed rape in Europe should not be routinely managed, and certainly not in semi-natural habitats, as the benefits of such action would not outweigh the negative effects of management.3 | P a g e INTRODUCTIONThe global area cropped with genetically modified (GM) crops has consistently increased each year since they were first commercially cultivated in 1996 (1.7 million hectares), reaching 148 million hectares in 2010 (James, 2010). The advent of GM crops and their rapid expansion in terms of cropping area evoked intense debate about their safety (Hails, 2000; Devos et al., 2008b;Waltz, 2009; Gaskell et al., 2011). Concerns have been raised that the commercial release of GM crops could result in adverse environmental and economic effects.Environmental concerns include the potential for altered fitness of the crop ...

show abstract

“…Therefore, the feral seedbank could in principle consist of seed brought into the location from outside and seed from plants reproducing on site (section 6.2.2.3). Seed brought in from outside could be carried by vehicles, road verge mowers, animals, or by the movement of soil for agricultural and building works (Wilkinson et al, 1995;Garnier et al, 2008;Wichmann et al, 2009). Garnier et al (2008) showed that wind turbulence behind passing vehicles locally contributed to the secondary dispersal of seed: on average, 20% of the seed was estimated to disperse over a few metres, while 80% of the seed remained at the original place.…”

Section: Redistribution Of Feral Seed Between Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed brought in from outside could be carried by vehicles, road verge mowers, animals, or by the movement of soil for agricultural and building works (Wilkinson et al, 1995;Garnier et al, 2008;Wichmann et al, 2009). Garnier et al (2008) showed that wind turbulence behind passing vehicles locally contributed to the secondary dispersal of seed: on average, 20% of the seed was estimated to disperse over a few metres, while 80% of the seed remained at the original place. However, there is little evidence of the contribution of such redistributed seed compared to that of seed deposited by plants reproducing on site.…”

Section: Redistribution Of Feral Seed Between Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the prolongation of prohibition of the placing on the market of genetically modified oilseed rape events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 × Rf3 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria

2012

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA GMO Panel) evaluated the documentation provided by Austria to support the prolongation of the safeguard clause measure prohibiting the placing on the market of the genetically modified oilseed rape events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria. The EFSA GMO Panel assessed whether the submitted documentation comprised new scientific information that would change or invalidate the conclusions of its previous risk assessments on oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3. The EFSA GMO Panel also considered the relevance of the concerns raised by Austria in the light of the most recent data published in the scientific literature. The authorised uses of oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 exclude cultivation, but data on gene flow, persistence and invasiveness derived from cultivation were considered as a worst case, representing conditions where exposure and potential impact are expected to be the highest, to assess possible environmental impacts resulting from seed import spills. In the documentation provided by Austria and in the scientific literature, the EFSA GMO Panel could not identify new scientific evidence that indicates that the import and processing of oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 for feed uses in the EU pose a significant and imminent risk to the environment. In conclusion, the EFSA GMO Panel considers that, based on the documentation supplied by Austria and a review of recent scientific literature, there is no specific scientific evidence in terms of risk to the environment that would support the notification of a safeguard clause measure under Originally published at: Arpaia, Salvatore; Birch, Andrew N E; Chesson, Andrew; du Jardin, Patrick; Gathmann, Achim; Gropp, Jürgen; Herman, Lieve; Hoen-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn; Jones, Huw; Kiss, Jozsef; Kleter, Gijs; Lagiou, Pagona; Lovik, Martinus; Messéan, Antoine; Naegeli, Hanspeter; Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Ovesna, Jaroslava; Perry, Joe; Rostoks, Nils; Tebbe, Christoph (2012). Scientific Opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the prolongation of prohibition of the placing on the market of genetically modified oilseed rape events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria. EFSA Journal, 10 (9) The EFSA GMO Panel assessed whether the documentation submitted by Austria comprised new scientific information that would change or invalidate the conclusions of its previous risk assessments on oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3. The EFSA GMO Panel also considered the relevance of the concerns raised by Austria in the light of the most recent data published in the scientific literature.During its evaluation of the supporting documentation, the EFSA GMO Panel observed that the scientific rationale provided by Austria to justify the prolongation of its safeguard clause measure includes data derived from cultivation. The authorised uses of oilseed ra...

show abstract

Measuring and modelling anthropogenic secondary seed dispersal along roadverges for feral oilseed rape

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Scientific Opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the prolongation of prohibition of the placing on the market of genetically modified oilseed rape events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 × Rf3 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About