Measuring Adherence to Sustainable Healthy Diets: A Scoping Review of Dietary Metrics

Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms

“…There are other simple, clear messages that have been promoted with a better mechanistic support, such as choosing a diet that is moderate, balanced, and varied. Indeed, balance and variety are key principles of the guidance by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization for sustainable healthy diets, and a recent scoping review noted that the NOVA system stands out for its lack of consideration of these elements [ 366 ]. Guidance to consume a diet that is moderate, balanced, and varied has not been as effective at promoting health body weight as has been hoped, but this likely is due more to a problem with implementation than veracity.…”

What Is the Likely Impact of Alternative Proteins on Diet Quality, Health, and the Environment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

“…Plant-based diets, Mediterranean-style diets, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diets have been found to strongly correlate with decreased environmental impacts compared with current average dietary intakes. However, there is no existing dietary metric that captures all the principles of sustainable healthy diets [ 27 ].…”

Review of Diet Quality Indices that can be Applied to the Environmental Assessment of Foods and Diets

“…However, a comprehensive assessment of country specific guidelines-based indices is not an aim of this review. The literature review found nineteen studies referring to indices in this category [ 9 , 21 , 22 , 28 , 29 ••, 33 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 47 – 49 , 51 – 56 ]. The most used indices are the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) [ 22 , 33 , 54 , 55 ] or derivations of those two.…”

“…For example, the principle is not to include only one cereal in the diet but a wide diversity of cereals that will enrich the nutrient density of the diet. Eleven studies were found in the literature review that include diet diversity indices [ 9 , 17 , 29 ••, 33 , 43 , 47 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 ]. Verger et al [ 57 ] reviewed dietary diversity indices finding that the majority were associated with nutrient adequacy, especially micronutrients, but lacked evidence on its relationship with nutrients to limit and health outcomes.…”