Measures to Increase Resistance to Climate Influences in Order to Ensure Food Safety and Quality Nutrition

Abstract

Along with conflicts and wars in many parts of the world, climate variability and increasingly complex, frequent and powerful climatic extreme weather events are undermining and undermining our achievements in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. The problem of hunger is much more acute in those countries where agricultural systems are extremely sensitive to changes in rainfall and temperature and severe drought, and agriculture itself is a source of livelihood for a large part of the population. In modern scientific thought, domestic scientists in solving the problem of extreme weather events and climate change focus on improving the productivity of specific products or industries. However, scientific work aimed at comprehensive solutions to economic, technological, environmental and social issues that determine the factors and, accordingly, measures to eliminate or mitigate the effects of climate change, increase the resilience of food systems to them, is not enough. The purpose of this work is to deepen theoretical and methodological approaches and develop measures to increase resilience to climate change in order to ensure food security and quality nutrition. According to the results of the study: 1) identified the main manifestations of climate variability and extreme climatic events that affect the formation of food potential in recent decades, increasing temperatures and amplitudes of their fluctuations, strong spatial variability of precipitation, changes in seasonality, severe droughts, severe floods and storms); 2) systematized manifestations of climate variability and extreme climatic events that affect the formation of food potential and nutrition (increasing malnutrition due to severe droughts; increasing susceptibility and vulnerability to extreme climatic events; declining productivity; falling production; volatility in food prices; loss of income by the population); 3) identified factors to ensure the effectiveness of policies and measures to eliminate climate risks (assessment of climate risks as a basis for planning policies, programs and methods of work; scientific and interdisciplinary knowledge to support technological decisions; accumulation and dissemination of knowledge about best practices in creating resilience to external influences, approaches to local decision-making with a wide range of stakeholders, empowerment of women and vulnerable groups, integration of measures to increase resilience to climate change of the food system as a whole, organization of stable long-term large-scale funding); 4) proposed tools and measures for the implementation of policies and measures to address climate risk and climate warning systems and early warning systems, emergency preparedness and response measures, measures to reduce vulnerability, social protection systems to help cope with shocks, transmission mechanisms risk and organization of financing based on forecasts; management mechanisms to help cope with climate risks and natural disasters).

Diagnosis of drought resistance of tetraploid triticum species by seed sowing parameters

“…Поряд з підвищенням температур спостерігається висока амплітуда їхніх коливань, мінливість режиму опадів, виникнення ґрунтових та повітряних посух, повеней, штормів, ураганів, зміни у характері сезонності. Аномальні кліматичні чинники призводять до засолення ґрунтів та опустелювання територій [1][2][3].…”