Measures of cocaine-seeking behavior using a multiple schedule of food and drug self-administration in rats

Weissenborn, Ruth; Yackey, Michael; Koob, George F.; Weiss, Friedbert

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01107-a

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The reason cocaine-seeking behavior was not observed during the cue reinstatement phase may have been due to hangover effects from the anesthetic administered for probe implantation. Other laboratories have also demonstrated that cue reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior is not very robust (de Wit and Stewart 1981;Weissenborn et al 1995), although preliminary results from our laboratory indicate that cue reinstatement is enhanced by less frequent cue presentation (i.e., every 5 minutes versus presentation every 20 seconds as in the present study; unpublished observation). Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between extracellular DA levels in the amygdala and cue-reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.…”

contrasting

confidence: 49%

Time-Dependent Changes in Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Amygdala during Cocaine Withdrawal

Tran-Nguyen

1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

257

182

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Cocaine and cocaine-associated cues elicit craving in addicts and reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Craving and cocaine-seeking behavior may be mediated by withdrawalinduced changes in dopamine (DA) Cocaine-seeking behavior; Cocaine withdrawal; Dopamine; Amygdala; Reinstatement; Extinction; Self-administration Craving is thought to play a critical role in drug relapse (Dackis and Gold 1985;Gawin and Kleber 1986;Wallace 1989). Gawin and Kleber (1986) have suggested that early during withdrawal from a cocaine binge there is little or no craving, and that later during withdrawal there is intense craving that can be exacerbated by cocaine-paired cues. In the laboratory, addicts exposed to drug-related cues (Childress et al. 1988;Ehrman et al. 1992;Satel et al. 1995) or given a cocaine priming injection report intense craving (Jaffe et al. 1989;Kosten et al. 1992;Preston et al. 1993) and exhibit conditioned physiological changes (Ehrman et al. 1992). Similarly, animals with a history of cocaine self-administration exhibit reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior after presentation of cocaine-paired cues or a cocaine priming injection (Davis and Smith 1976;Stewart 1984;Stewart et al. 1984). In these studies, cocaine-seeking behavior is measured as nonreinforced lever-pressing behavior.Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior may be mediated by enhanced dopamine (DA) neurotransmission because systemic administration of indirect (Gerber and Stretch 1975;de Wit and Stewart 1981;Worley et al. 1994) or direct DA receptor agonists (de Wit and Stewart 1981;Wise et al. 1990;Self et al. 1996) reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior. It has been suggested based on localization studies that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved because drugs that enhance DA neu- Received September 11, 1997; revised November 7, 1997; accepted November 13, 1997. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1998 -VOL . 19 , NO . 1 Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Dopamine 49 rotransmission in this region reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior (Stewart 1984). Studies have also examined conditioned DA neurotransmission in the NAc after presentation of cocaine-paired cues, but the results have been controversial. After presentation of a light paired previously with cocaine self-administration, in vivo voltammetry studies have demonstrated that putative DA-related signals increase in the NAc (Gratton and Wise 1994;Kiyatkin and Stein 1994;Kiyatkin 1995), whereas an in vivo microdialysis study indicated no changes in extracellular DA levels (Neisewander et al. 1996). Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated a change in neuronal firing in the NAc prior to cocainereinforced lever pressing (Chang et al. 1994; Deadwyler 1994, 1996; Peoples and West 1996). This anticipatory response may be DA mediated in some (Carelli and Deadwyler 1996), but not all cells (Chang et al. 1994). Furthermore, Fontana et al. (1993) found a context-dependent sensitization of both locomotor behavior and extracellular DA levels in the NAc after a cocaine challenge ...

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contrasting

confidence: 49%

Time-Dependent Changes in Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Amygdala during Cocaine Withdrawal

Tran-Nguyen

1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

257

182

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“…For example, in studies by both Meil and See (1996) and Weissenborn et al (1995) noncontingent exposure to a TO cue light alone was ineffective in reinstating extinguished responding at a previously cocaine-paired lever. Similarly, response-contingent presentation of a TO cue light maintained conditioned responding only when preceded by a cocaine priming injection (Weissenborn et al 1995). Consistent with these observations, omission of the TO stimulus in a preliminary examination of interactions between the S ϩ and TO cue-conducted after completion of the repeated cue exposure phase in rats not assigned to the prolonged abstinence condition-produced only a moderate 35% decrease in S ϩ -induced responses (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, there is evidence that "time-out" cues that are routinely employed during cocaine self-administration training attain, at best, only modest conditioned reinforcing efficacy. For example, in studies by both Meil and See (1996) and Weissenborn et al (1995) noncontingent exposure to a TO cue light alone was ineffective in reinstating extinguished responding at a previously cocaine-paired lever. Similarly, response-contingent presentation of a TO cue light maintained conditioned responding only when preceded by a cocaine priming injection (Weissenborn et al 1995).…”

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confidence: 98%

Enduring Resistance to Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Induced by Drug-Related Cues

Weiss

2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

183

131

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The conditioning of cocaine's pharmacological actions with environmental stimuli is thought to be a critical factor in long-lasting relapse risk associated with cocaine addiction. To study the significance of environmental stimuli in enduring vulnerability to relapse, the resistance to extinction of drug-seeking behavior elicited by a cocainerelated stimulus was examined. Male Wistar rats were trained to associate discriminative stimuli (S D ) with the availability of intravenous cocaine (S ϩ ) vs. the availability of non-rewarding (S Ϫ)Cocaine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder (Leshner 1997;O'Brien et al. 1998;O'Brien and McLellan 1996). Relapse prevention has therefore emerged as a central issue in treatment and medications development efforts (Carroll et al. 1991;DeLong 1994; O'Brien 362 F. Weiss et al. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2001 -VOL . 25 , NO . 3 and McLellan 1996). A wealth of clinical studies point towards drug-related stimuli or events as a critical factor in the long-lasting compulsion to abuse drugs. This literature suggests that environmental stimuli repeatedly paired with the subjective actions of cocaine throughout an individual's history of drug abuse can produce intense drug craving (Childress et al. 1988;Ehrman et al. 1992;Kilgus and Pumariega 1994;Robbins et al. 1997;Satel et al. 1995;Wallace 1989) or elicit automatic behavioral responses (Miller and Gold 1994;Tiffany and Carter 1998) that may lead to relapse.Consistent with a role of conditioning factors in the resumption of drug abuse habits, several studies in animals have demonstrated that drug-associated stimuli can elicit a transient recovery of extinguished responding at a lever previously associated with cocaine selfadministration (e.g., deWit and Stewart 1981;Fuchs et al. 1998). However, little information is available, to date, about the persistence of cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. In recent work that has begun to address this issue, appreciable cued recovery of cocaine-seeking behavior was observed when rats were presented with cocaine cues on two separate occasions spaced 20 days apart. Similarly, the efficacy of a cocaine cue to reinstate extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior was found to persist for up to eight days of intermittent testing . The latter study revealed also that cocaine cues increase extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. These findings indicate that the behavioral effects of cocaine-related environmental stimuli can show resistance to extinction, and that their motivating effects may involve activation of forebrain DA neurotransmission.Considering the mounting evidence that learned responses to cocaine-related stimuli represents a significant factor in long-lasting relapse risk (see O'Brien et al. 1998 for review), better understanding of the environmental, behavioral, and neuropharmacological bases of this phenomenon will be of substantial clinical benefit. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the resistance to extinction of cocaine-seeking behav...

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“…Several preclinical studies have shown that experimenter administered cocaine reinstated extinguished responding for animals trained to self-administer cocaine (de Wit & Stewart, 1981;Schenk & Partridge, 1999;Weissenborn, Yackey, Koob, & Weiss, 1995). It was found in the preceding studies that after receiving a "priming" dose of cocaine, rats increased cocaine self-administration, an occurrence known as "reinstatement".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A qualitative and quantitative review of cocaine-induced craving: The phenomenon of priming

Mahoney

Kalechstein

Garza

et al. 2007

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Drug-induced craving is thought to play an important role in relapse occasioned by a "slip", or an isolated use of a previously abused drug after a period of abstinence. Clinical experience suggests that acute exposure to cocaine elicits craving (hereafter referred to as "priming"); however, this has received surprisingly little attention in the clinical literature.Aims-The intentions of this review are to provide a qualitative review of the literature as well as a more stringent quantitative review of the existence and presence of cocaine-induced priming effects.Methods-In order to determine whether priming effects occur following cocaine administration, we conducted qualitative and quantitative reviews of studies in which participants received cocaine under experimentally controlled conditions in the laboratory.Results-The results of the qualitative review were equivocal, while the quantitative review revealed that cocaine administration was associated with a significant increase in craving for cocaine, and the effect size of this relationship was large.Conclusion-A review of the individual studies revealed marked variability, suggesting that priming effects did not occur consistently and that there may be factors that mediate or moderate the intensity of the priming effects induced by cocaine. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Measures of cocaine-seeking behavior using a multiple schedule of food and drug self-administration in rats

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Time-Dependent Changes in Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Amygdala during Cocaine Withdrawal

Time-Dependent Changes in Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Amygdala during Cocaine Withdrawal

Enduring Resistance to Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Induced by Drug-Related Cues

A qualitative and quantitative review of cocaine-induced craving: The phenomenon of priming

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