Measures of children's sex typing in middle childhood

Antill, John K.; Russell, Graeme; Goodnow, Jaqueline J.; Cotton, Sandra

doi:10.1080/00049539308259115

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Items for each subscale were averaged to create composite scores, with higher scores reflecting more expressivity and instrumentality. The reliability and validity of this measure has been established previously (Antill et al, 1993). The ␣ s for this sample were .79 for firstborns' and .80 for secondborns' friends' ratings of expressivity and .63 for firstborns' and .51 for secondborns' friends' reports of instrumentality.…”

Section: Friends' Friendship Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Correlations between friends' sex-typed personal qualities and leisure interests suggested that they were related, yet separate constructs (Antill et al, 1993;Huston, 1983;Ruble & Martin, 1998). Feminine personal qualities and leisure interests were positively correlated for firstborns' friends, r (159) ϭ .41, p Ͻ .01, and for secondborns' friends, r (159) ϭ .48, p Ͻ .01.…”

Section: Friends' Friendship Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescents' Sex‐Typed Friendship Experiences: Does Having a Sister versus a Brother Matter?

2000

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This study examines the connections between having a sister versus a brother and coming from a same-sex versus an opposite-sex sibling dyad and the degree of sex-typing in adolescents' friendship experiences, including the qualities of their friendships (i.e., intimacy, control) and their friends' personal attributes (i.e., sex-typed leisure interests, expressive and instrumental personality qualities). Participants were 159 firstborn-secondborn adolescent sibling pairs (M = 14.94 years and M = 12.43 years, respectively) and a close friend of each sibling (N = 636, including siblings and friends). Data were collected during home visits with siblings and telephone interviews with friends of siblings. The results suggested that sisters may learn control tactics from their brothers that they apply in their friendships; boys, however, were less likely to model the emotional intimacy that characterized their sisters' experiences with friends. In addition, coming from an opposite-sex sibling dyad was linked to sex-typing in friends' personal attributes, particularly their masculine leisure interests and instrumental personality qualities. Sisters and brothers may provide unique opportunities to learn about sex-typed relationship experiences in early adolescence, a time when gender segregation in the peer context is pervasive.

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Section: Friends' Friendship Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Friends' Friendship Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents' Sex‐Typed Friendship Experiences: Does Having a Sister versus a Brother Matter?

2000

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“…Youth completed either the Attitudes Towards Women Scale (Spence & Helmreich, 1972) or the Children's Attitudes Towards Women Scale (Antill, Cotton, Goodnow, & Russell, 1993). Different scales were used for the two cohorts because the children entered our longitudinal study at different age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Patterns of Gender Role Attitudes

2009

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Study goals were to identify family patterns of gender role attitudes, to examine the conditions under which these patterns emerged, and to assess the implications of gender attitude patterns for family conflict. Participants were mothers, fathers, and first- and second-born adolescents from 358 White, working and middle-class US families. Results of cluster analysis revealed three gender role attitude patterns: egalitarian parents and children, traditional parents and children, and a divergent pattern, with parents more traditional and children more egalitarian. Mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that these family patterns were related to socioeconomic status, parents' time spent in gendered household tasks and with children, and the gender constellation of the sibling dyad. The traditional family group reported the most family conflict.

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“…Children's sex-typed personality qualities, including their expressivity (a feminine sex-typed quality) and instrumentality (a masculine sex-typed quality) were measured using the Antill Trait Questionnaire (Antill, Russell, Goodnow, & Cotton, 1993), a 12-item questionnaire on which children used a 5-point scale to rate how well particular traits described them. High scores reflect greater expressivity (e.g., kind, gentle) and instrumentality (e.g., brave, adventurous).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys and Sisters to Brothers

1999

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We studied the extent of sex-typing across different areas of child functioning (personality, interests, activities) in middle childhood as a function of the traditionality of parents' gender role attitudes and the sex composition of the sibling dyad. Participants included 200 firstborn children (mean = 10.4 years old), their secondborn siblings (mean = 7.7 years old) and their mothers and fathers. Family members were interviewed in their homes about their attitudes and personal characteristics and completed a series of seven evening telephone interviews about their daily activities. We measured children's attitudes, personality characteristics, and interests in sex-typed leisure activities (e.g., sports, handicrafts) as well as time spent in sex-typed leisure activities and household tasks (e.g., washing dishes, home repairs) and with same and opposite sex companions (i.e., parents, peers). Analyses revealed that sex-typing was most evident in children's interests and activities. Further, comparisons of girls versus boys and sisters versus brothers revealed that differences in children's sex-typing as a function of fathers' attitudes and sibling sex constellation were most apparent for children's activities. A notable exception was sex-typed peer involvement; time spent with same versus opposite sex peers was impervious to context effects. Analyses focused on children's sex-typing as a function of mothers' attitudes generally were nonsignificant.

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Measures of children's sex typing in middle childhood

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Adolescents' Sex‐Typed Friendship Experiences: Does Having a Sister versus a Brother Matter?

Adolescents' Sex‐Typed Friendship Experiences: Does Having a Sister versus a Brother Matter?

Family Patterns of Gender Role Attitudes

Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys and Sisters to Brothers

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