Measurements of235U/238U isotopic ratio in the photoproduct UF5 by multiphoton ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Okada, Yohji; Kato, Shigekí; Satooka, Sakae; Takeuchi, Kazuo

doi:10.1007/bf01081053

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…COMPUCEA [5,6] is a radiometric technique and serves as a benchmark for on-site U enrichment assay. Evaluated mass spectrometric techniques include: gas source mass spectrometry (GSMS) [9], thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) [10], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [10,11], multi-photon ionization mass spectrometry [12,13], UF 6 molecular mass spectrometry with portable mass spectrometer [14], laser ionization mass spectrometry [15], surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization (SELDI) [3], liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry (LS-APGD-MS) [16][17][18], and atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow-discharge mass spectrometry (AP-SCGD-MS) [19]. Techniques based on optical spectrometric principles include: optical atomic emission with argon afterglow discharge or ICP [20][21][22], glow discharge optogalvanic spectroscopy (GD-OGS) [23], laser ablation-diode laser-laser induced fluorescence (LA-DL-LIF) [24], laser ablation absorbance ratio spectrometry (LAARS) [25,26], atomic beam tunable diode laser (DL) absorption [27], tunable laser infrared (IR) absorption [28,29] and its high performance version with quantum cascade laser [30], and laser induced spectrochemical assay for uranium enrichment (LISA-UE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a large fraction of mass-spectrometric techniques operate in the positiveion mode (i.e., measuring positively charged ions), the negative-ion mode is also possible [55]. Also, the ions being measured can be singly charged atomic ions (e.g., 235 U + and 238 U + ), singly charged molecular ions (e.g., 235 UO + and 238 UO + , or 235 UO 2 + and 238 UO 2 + [56]), or doubly/multiple charged atomic or molecular ions (e.g., 235 U 2+ and 238 U 2+ [12]).…”

Section: General Overview Of Scientific Principles For Uf 6 Enrichment Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a report on the use of multi-photon ionization (MPI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the measurements of 235 U/ 238 U isotopic ratios in UF 6 [12]. Gaseous UF 6 was diluted with argon to a UF 6 /Ar ratio of 0.001 and then introduced directly into a TOF-MS.…”

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaseous UF 6 was diluted with argon to a UF 6 /Ar ratio of 0.001 and then introduced directly into a TOF-MS. The UF 6 sample underwent photolysis and ionization from the 4 th -(266 nm) and the 2 nd -harmonic beams (532 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser (UF 6 + h (266 nm)  UF 5 + F; UF 5 + h (532 nm)  U + or U 2+ ) [12]. The dominant peak in the mass spectra were U + or U 2+ ions, with minor peaks of UF + , UF…”

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. UF 6 samples with 235 U abundance from 2% to 20% were measured, and it was reported that "excellent agreement was observed" [12]; however, quantitative details on analytical accuracy and precision were not given. Because of the measurements for 235 U and 238 U are not truly simultaneous for a TOF mass spectrometer, an estimation based on the published precision values from the more well-established ionization source ICP coupled with TOF-mass spectrometer would suggest that this MPI-TOF-MS technique is not capable in delivering the required analytical precision.…”

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scoping study to expedite development of a field deployable and portable instrument for UF6 enrichment assay

Chan¹,

Valentine²,

Russo³

2017

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The primary objective of the present study is to identity the most promising, viable technologies that are likely to culminate in an expedited development of the next-generation, field-deployable instrument for providing rapid, accurate, and precise enrichment assay of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ). UF 6 is typically involved, and is arguably the most important uranium compound, in uranium enrichment processes. As the first line of defense against proliferation, accurate analytical techniques to determine the uranium isotopic distribution in UF 6 are critical for materials verification, accounting, and safeguards at enrichment plants. As nuclear fuel cycle technology becomes more prevalent around the world, international nuclear safeguards and interest in UF 6 enrichment assay has been growing.At present, laboratory-based mass spectrometry (MS), which offers the highest attainable analytical accuracy and precision, is the technique of choice for the analysis of stable and longlived isotopes. Currently, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) monitors the production of enriched UF 6 at declared facilities by collecting a small amount (between 1 to 10 g) of gaseous UF 6 into a sample bottle, which is then shipped under chain of custody to a central laboratory (IAEA's Nuclear Materials Analysis Laboratory) for high-precision isotopic assay by MS. The logistics are cumbersome and new shipping regulations are making it more difficult to transport UF 6 . Furthermore, the analysis is costly, and results are not available for some time after sample collection. Hence, the IAEA is challenged to develop effective safeguards approaches at enrichment plants. In-field isotopic analysis of UF 6 has the potential to substantially reduce the time, logistics and expense of sample handling. However, current laboratory-based MS techniques require too much infrastructure and operator expertise for field deployment and operation. As outlined in the IAEA Department of Safeguards Long-Term R&D Plan, 2012-2023, one of the IAEA long-term R&D needs is to "develop tools and techniques to enable timely, potentially real-time, detection of HEU (Highly Enriched Uranium) production in LEU (Lowly Enriched Uranium) enrichment facilities" (Milestone 5.2). iv measurements that do not require the stated high accuracy or precision of the ITVs to which it was compared).The list presented below summarizes the outcome of the present study, and groups all reviewed techniques into "recommended", "promising", or "not recommended"; the "benchmark" techniques are also included and labeled as such. The list is presented in a highly abridged way such that only the final recommendations are given. The performance of a technique in the seven evaluation metrics and its ranking are summarized in Table 6.1, whereas short discussion and comments on the recommendation can be found in Section 6.2 of this report. Furthermore, comprehensive and in-depth reviews on the scientific principle of each technique, its instrument option, its limitations and main gaps betwe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Overview Of Scientific Principles For Uf 6 Enrichment Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scoping study to expedite development of a field deployable and portable instrument for UF6 enrichment assay

Chan¹,

Valentine²,

Russo³

2017

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A pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus with laser ionization mass spectroscopy for direct measurements of rate coefficients at low temperatures with condensable gases

Lee

Hoobler

Leone

2000

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A pulsed Laval nozzle, low Mach number supersonic expansion kinetics apparatus has been constructed to study neutral–neutral kinetics by a rather general laser photolysis initiation and laser photoionization detection of the product species. This new apparatus permits laboratory studies of low temperature rate coefficients (e.g., 70–170 K) on condensable gases that have insufficient vapor pressures at low temperatures for conventional methods of kinetic measurements. The design considerations, the uniformity of the reaction zone over 10–20 cm, and the skimmer sampling of the pulsed Laval expansion are examined. The direct measurement of a rate coefficient at 90 K is also demonstrated using this new apparatus.

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Measurements of235U/238U isotopic ratio in the photoproduct UF5 by multiphoton ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Scoping study to expedite development of a field deployable and portable instrument for UF6 enrichment assay

Scoping study to expedite development of a field deployable and portable instrument for UF6 enrichment assay

A pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus with laser ionization mass spectroscopy for direct measurements of rate coefficients at low temperatures with condensable gases

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