Measurements of Vortex Line Density Generated by a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid $$^{4}$$ 4 He

Jackson, M. J.; Kolosov, Oleg; Schmoranzer, David; Skrbek, L.; Tsepelin, V.; Woods, Andrew

doi:10.1007/s10909-015-1397-4

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…An extrapolation of the linear and the turbulent part of v(F ), e.g., in a double-logarithmic plot, indicates a velocity above which the turbulent drag dominates the linear drag, but not the onset of turbulent drag, hence not vc that actually could be much smaller[25].…”

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confidence: 98%

On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4\hbox {He}$$ 4 He

2017

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The flow of superfluid 4 He around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity vc that scales as ω 1/2 , and is temperature independent below 1 K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5 K the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as T 4 until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for T < 0.1 K. Increasing the velocity amplitude above vc leads to a transition from potential flow to turbulence, where the large turbulent drag force varies as (v 2 − v 2 c ). In a small velocity interval ∆v/vc ≤ 3% above vc, the flow is unstable below 0.5 K, switching intermittently between both patterns. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the lifetimes of both phases are analyzed statistically. We observe metastable states of potential flow which, after a mean lifetime of 25 minutes, ultimately break down due to vorticity created by natural background radioactivity. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution, and the mean increases exponentially with ∆v 2 . We investigate the frequency at which the vortex rings are shed from the sphere. Our results are compared with recent data of other authors on vortex shedding by moving a laser beam through a Bose-Einstein condensate. Finally, we show that our observed transition to turbulence belongs to the class of "supertransient chaos" where lifetimes of the turbulent states increase faster than exponentially. Peculiar results obtained in dilute 3 He -4 He mixtures are presented in the Appendix.

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confidence: 98%

On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4\hbox {He}$$ 4 He

2017

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“…Therefore in all our measurements the beam response is linear and virtually dissipationless. To provide a controlled source of quantum vortices, we use a quartz tuning fork placed ∼ 2 mm above the beam, driven to a velocity high enough to generate quantum vortices in the ambient superfluid 7,8 . The details of the operating principles and electrical measurement schemes of the fork and nanobeam are described over a short period of time.…”

Section: Moscow 119991 Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. The local vortex density is controlled by the velocity of the tuning fork 8 . In panel (a) of the figure, we show the tuning fork velocity as a function of the driving force.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Real-Time Detection of Quantum Vortices at Millikelvin Temperatures

Guthrie

Kafanov

Noble

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Since we still lack a theory of classical turbulence, attention has focused on the conceptually simpler turbulence in quantum fluids. Can such systems of identical singly-quantized vortices provide a physically accessible "toy model" of the classical counterpart? That said, we have hitherto lacked detectors capable of the real-time, non-invasive probing of the wide range of length scales involved in quantum turbulence. However, we demonstrate here the real-time detection of quantum vortices by a nanoscale resonant beam in superﬂuid 4He at 10 mK. The basic idea is that we can trap a single vortex along the length of a nanobeam and observe the transitions as a vortex is either trapped or released, which we observe through the shift in the resonant frequency of the beam. With a tuning fork source, we can control the ambient vorticity density and follow its influence on the vortex capture and release rates. But, most important, we show that these devices are capable of probing turbulence on the micron scale.

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“…The measurement principle relies on the temperature dependent viscosity of liquid 3 He that is probed by tracking the resonance of quartz tuning forks immersed in the liquid. As quartz tuning forks are widely used in studies of the ULT properties of the helium liquids [18][19][20][21] with a minimum temperature of 100 µK in 3 He , their compatibility with a ULT environment is well established. In addition, thermometers tracking the vacuum resonance of a tuning fork have been used at intermediate magnetic fields up to 8 T 22 , and magnetometers based on tuning forks in 4 He exchange gas have even been successfully operated at high magnetic fields up to 64 T and at temperatures around 1.3 K 23,24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing compact tuning fork thermometers for sub-mK temperatures and high magnetic fields

Woods¹,

Donald²,

Gazizulin³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) High B/T facility at the University of Florida in Gainesville provides a unique combination of ultra-low temperatures below 1 mK and high magnetic fields up to 16 T for user experiments. To meet the growing user demand for calorimetric and thermal transport measurements, particularly on milligram-sized solid samples, we are developing scaleable thermometers based on quartz tuning fork resonators immersed in liquid 3 He . We demonstrate successful thermometer operation at the combined extreme conditions available at our user facility, and discuss the feasibility of fast and compact thermal probes.

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Measurements of Vortex Line Density Generated by a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid $$^{4}$$ 4 He

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4\hbox {He}$$ 4 He

On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4\hbox {He}$$ 4 He

Nanoscale Real-Time Detection of Quantum Vortices at Millikelvin Temperatures

Developing compact tuning fork thermometers for sub-mK temperatures and high magnetic fields

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