Measurements of the water-following capability of holey-sock and TRISTAR drifters

Niiler, Pearn P.; Sybrandy, A.S.; Bi, Kenong; Poulain, Pierre‐Marie; Bitterman, D.

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(95)00076-3

Cited by 305 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Langmuir currents, Stokes drift, and waves may also effect the drifters in a manner not represented in the RCO model. However, due to the drogue anchored at 12 to 18 m depth, the SVP drifters in the World Ocean have been shown to follow the currents at the drogue depth with only small deviations (Niiler et al 1995). A difference between the open ocean and the Baltic Sea is that the latter has a much shallower thermocline, which in some cases is situated at the drogue depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Tuning of Model Trajectories and Spreading Rates in the Baltic Sea Using Surface Drifter Observations

Kjellsson

Döös

Soomere

2013

Preventive Methods for Coastal Protection

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Results from experiments with surface drifters in the Baltic Sea in 2010-2011 are presented and discussed. In a first experiment, 12 SVP-B (Surface Velocity Program, with Barometer) drifters with a drogue at 12-18 m depth were deployed in the Baltic Sea. In a second experiment, shallow drifters extending to a depth of 1.5 m were deployed in the Gulf of Finland. Results from the SVP-B drifter experiment are compared to results from a regional ocean model and a trajectory code. Differences between the observed SVP-B drifters and simulated drifters are found for absolute dispersion (i.e., squared displacement from initial position) and relative dispersion (i.e., squared distance between two initially paired drifters). The former is somewhat underestimated since the simulated currents are neither as fast nor as variable as those observed. The latter is underestimated both due to the abovementioned reasons and due to the resolution of the ocean model.For the shallower drifters, spreading in the upper 1-2 m of the Gulf of Finland is investigated. The spreading rate is about 200 m/day for separations <0.5 km, 500 m/day for separations below 1 km and in the range of 0.5-3 km/day for separations in the range of 1-4 km. The spreading rate does not follow Richardson's law. The initial spreading, up to a distance of about d = 100-150 m, is governed by the power law d ∼ t 0.27 whereas for larger separations the distance increases as d ∼ t 2.5 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Tuning of Model Trajectories and Spreading Rates in the Baltic Sea Using Surface Drifter Observations

Kjellsson

Döös

Soomere

2013

Preventive Methods for Coastal Protection

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“…Upper ocean current velocities (also with 6-h resolution) were from SVP with drifters drogued at a nominal depth of 15 m (from the website: http:// www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/dacdata.php). The estimated accuracy of the velocity measurements using SVP drifters in a 10 m s À1 wind is 10 À2 m s À1 [Niiler et al, 1995]. The tracks of TCs and ocean SVP drifter locations are presented during 1985-2009 in the northwestern Pacific from 10 to 30 N and 100 to 170 E with various intensities based on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, such as category-4 to À5 ( Figure 1a), category-2 to À3 (Figure 1b), and tropical storm (TS) to category-1 (Figure 1c) with corresponding numbers of six hourly locations of (centers of TCs, SVP drifters): (1475, 3528), (2374, 4611), and (8004, 11056).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed near‐surface flows under all tropical cyclone intensity levels using drifters in the northwestern Pacific

et al. 2013

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[1] Data from drifters of the surface velocity program and tropical cyclones (TCs) of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center during 1985-2009 were analyzed to demonstrate strong currents under various storm intensities such as category-4 to À5, category-2 to À3, and tropical storm to category-1 TCs in the northwestern Pacific. Current speeds over 2.0 m s À1 are observed under major TCs with the strongest mean currents to the right of the storm track. This study provides the characterization of the near-surface velocity response to all recorded TCs, and agrees roughly with Geisler's theory (1970). Our observations also verify earlier modeling results of Price (1983).

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“…It results from a combination of wind forcing on the above-surface expression of the drifter, drag on the submerged surface buoy and tether, and oscillatory motions due to surface waves. Typical values reported in the literature (Geyer, 1989, Niiler et al, 1995 range over 0.6-4 cm s -1 for holey sock drogues and usually depend on the wind forcing. A recent comparison of the drogued drifters with dye patches on Georges Bank (Proehl, et al 2005), reveal low values of slippage that are well within this range.…”

Section: Figure 1 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of dispersion from clustered-drifter deployments on the southern flank of Georges Bank

Manning

Churchill

2006

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Data from 16 clustered-drifter deployments are used to examine horizontal dispersion on the southern flank of Georges Bank. The spreading rates of all clusters have an average of 1.6 km d -1 with a standard deviation of 1.8 km d -1 . Both "effective" and "apparent" diffusivities are calculated for each cluster. Their ranges (i.e., -54 to 757 m 2 s -1 for effective diffusivity) are related to differences in cluster size and proximity to the tidal mixing front. Cross-bank convergence is documented for nearly 40% of the clusters. This occurs especially for clusters with centroids within 10 km of the tidal mixing front location, as deduced from conductivity, temperature, and depth transects (CTD) conducted concurrently with the cluster deployments.Estimates of turbulent dispersion (distinct from shear effects) are derived by the method of

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Measurements of the water-following capability of holey-sock and TRISTAR drifters

Cited by 305 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation and Tuning of Model Trajectories and Spreading Rates in the Baltic Sea Using Surface Drifter Observations

Evaluation and Tuning of Model Trajectories and Spreading Rates in the Baltic Sea Using Surface Drifter Observations

Observed near‐surface flows under all tropical cyclone intensity levels using drifters in the northwestern Pacific

Estimates of dispersion from clustered-drifter deployments on the southern flank of Georges Bank

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