Measurements of the electrode effect over flat, snow-covered ground

Knudsen, E.; Israelsson, S.; Hållberg, Bengt

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(89)90091-3

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The method of measuring was described by Knudsen et al (1989). One kind of the measured space-charge profiles fitted well with the meteorological conditions (temperature, pressure, wind speed) of the present investigation, and this profile shows a well-developed electrode effect.…”

Section: Measurement Site and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A survey of the present knowledge of the electrode effect together with strong evidence for the existence of this effect over snow-covered ground has been given by Knudsen et al (1989). The magnitude of the effect depends upon several parameters: the atmospheric electric field, the mobility of the ions, the ionization rate, the recombination of the ions and the attachment effect of ions to the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of an artificially generated electrode effect at ground level

et al. 1996

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Abstract. The outdoor experiments, using a metallic grid above the ground surface, have yielded well-defined vertical profiles of the space-charge density. The profiles showed strong evidence for the existence of an electrode effect, which could be named the artificial electrode effect and can serve as a very useful and well-controlled model for the study of atmospheric electric processes in the atmospheric surface layer. The build-up or break-down of an electrode-effect layer occurred in a time of the order of 10 s under the experimental conditions realized. The artificially generated electrode effect is dependent on the electrical field strength supplied, wind speed, turbulent mixing and ion mobilities. Wind speed and ion mobility seem to be the dominant factors, defining space-charge density profiles. A theoretical model for the artificial electrode effect has been developed, taking into account turbulent mixing of charged particles in the air flow with the logarithmic profile of the wind velocity. The numerical analysis of the boundary value problem for the two-dimensional equations for the light ion concentrations has been performed. The model presented shows a qualitative agreement of calculated space-charge profiles with measured ones, and explains the dependence of the artificial electrode effect on the dominant control parameters. The limiting conditions for the developed theory are discussed.

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Section: Measurement Site and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of an artificially generated electrode effect at ground level

et al. 1996

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“…These measurements are quite easy to make (e.g., Kamra 1982;Knudsen et al 1989;Israelsson et al 1993;Pawar and Kamra 2000). Now, equation (26) can further be reduced into only one unknown and needs only one level of measurement z 0 as given below:…”

Section: Derivation Of Space Charge Density Profile In Electrode Layementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though theoretically defined electrode layer is disturbed by surface radioactivity, aerosol and turbulence over land, people have still observed presence of electrode layer space charge in the lowest meter on the surface of the earth (e.g., Law 1963;Crozier 1965). Knudsen et al (1989) have made measurements in electrode layer over snow surface. All the above points show that it is possible to make measurements in electrode layer in the lowest meter.…”

Section: Derivation Of Space Charge Density Profile In Electrode Layementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar is the procedure for space charge density measurement. Also, Kamra (1982), Knudsen et al (1989), Pawar and Kamra (2000) measure space charge density at different altitudes near the surface of the earth. In spite of this, these three levels of measurements can further be reduced to two and then to only one by using the following: c 2 can be used in terms of c 1 from equation (19) and making measurement of E at the lower level z 0 and using profile of space charge density one can get:…”

Section: Derivation Of Space Charge Density Profile In Electrode Layementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the modeling of electrical boundary layer (electrode layer) and derivation of atmospheric electrical profiles, eddy diffusion coefficient and scales of electrode layer

Kulkarni

2010

J Earth Syst Sci

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Electrode layer or electrical boundary layer is one of the charge generators in the global atmospheric electric circuit. In spite of this we find very few model studies and few measurements of it in the literature. Using a new technique it is shown that in this layer, the space charge density varies exponentially in vertical. A new experimental method based on the surface measurements is discussed to determine all the characteristic scales and an average electrical and meteorological state of an electrode layer. The results obtained are in good agreement with the previous studies. So, it is suggested that an exponential space charge density profile will no longer be an assumption in the case of electrode layer studies. The profiles of atmospheric electric field and electrical conductivity are also derived and a new term named as electrode layer constant is introduced.

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