Measurements of the behaviour of neutral atom density in a diffuse vacuum arc by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)

Hayess, E.; Jüttner, B.; Lieder, G.; Neumann, Werner; Pursch, H.; Weixelbaum, L.

doi:10.1109/27.41178

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the case of material with high vapor pressure, evaporation has been reported to increase the portion of neutral atoms in the plasma (34). This layer promotes the evolution of cathode spots, thus also reducing the lifetime of individual spots.…”

Section: Control Of Particle Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic-Arc and Thermal-Evaporation Deposition

Koskinen

2014

Comprehensive Materials Processing

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Section: Control Of Particle Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic-Arc and Thermal-Evaporation Deposition

Koskinen

2014

Comprehensive Materials Processing

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“…However, accessible data on the physical quantities in the intense-mode vacuum arc plasmas are currently quite limited. Although the density measurements of electron [3][4][5][6] and metal vapour [7,8] have historically been an extremely active area of research, almost all of them have been conducted for the vacuum arcs in lower arc current ranges, which are not associated with the intense anode melting and vaporisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap length dependence of two-dimensional electron and copper vapour density distribution over vacuum plasma

et al. 2015

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Shack-Hartmann type laser wavefront sensors were used for simultaneous visualisation of two-dimensional electron and copper vapour density distributions over vacuum plasmas in a breakdown phase and sustainable arc phase. Our experimental results for a 3-mm gap between Cu electrodes showed that the electrons in the vacuum breakdown stage were mainly supplied from the ionisation process of the copper vapour evaporating from the anode. In addition, the electron and copper vapour densities in an intense arc mode for the 3-mm gap were comparable to those for the 1.2-mm gap in our previous experiments. The validity of the observation results was verified by simultaneously recorded voltage and current waveforms demonstrating an inversely proportional decrease in arc column conductance with increasing gap length. K: Voltage distributions; Plasma diagnostics -interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging 1Corresponding author.

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“…Recently we have employed additionally the ultrasensitive method of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). This technique is particularly well-suited to determining absolute population densities of neutral and singly ionized atoms of liberated electrode material (as shown by measurements of Ba by Bhattacharya [3,4] and Michael [5]) and, in certain cases, excitation temperatures [8]. Its experimental complexity is offset by the multitude of advantages it offers such as pointwise spatial resolution instead of integrations over lines of sight and independence on plasma parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of absolute population densities of eroded tungsten in hollow cathode lamps and fluorescent lamps by laser-induced fluorescence

Hadrath¹,

Ehlbeck²,

Lieder

et al. 2005

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The high energy ion bombardment during instant start of a fluorescent lamp (FL) leads to intense sputtering of the electrode material including tungsten and emitter. Thus, a cold started FL often suffers from early failures due to coil fracture. The main goal of this paper is to investigate tungsten erosion. We have employed the ultra-sensitive method of laser-induced fluorescence. This technique is particularly well-suited to determining absolute population densities of neutral and singly ionized atoms of liberated electrode material. In addition to FL, our investigations have been performed also on hollow cathode lamps (HCLs). These are useful because they provide a variable source of sputtered tungsten atoms and can serve as tuning tools for precise adjustment of the laser radiation.We will present absolute atomic tungsten population densities in a commercial FL and in an HCL. Furthermore, the results of a theoretical investigation of the argon plasma and the tungsten density in the HCL are represented.

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Measurements of the behaviour of neutral atom density in a diffuse vacuum arc by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Cathodic-Arc and Thermal-Evaporation Deposition

Cathodic-Arc and Thermal-Evaporation Deposition

Gap length dependence of two-dimensional electron and copper vapour density distribution over vacuum plasma

Determination of absolute population densities of eroded tungsten in hollow cathode lamps and fluorescent lamps by laser-induced fluorescence

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