1994
DOI: 10.1121/1.410142
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Measurements of some parameters of bowing

Abstract: The maximum bow force for Helmholtz oscillations, and the frequency shift as a function of bow force, have been measured for unstopped notes on a variety of violin strings. A bowing machine is briefly described on which data using bowing velocities at 5 and 10 cm/s were obtained. Computer simulations using the standard friction function model of the bowed string were also done. The combination of the measurements and the simulations allow an assessment of the probable validity of the friction curve model of th… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…The upper bow-force limit corresponds to the right-most data point in each curve. curve [19,23]. However, as the pitch is the result of abalance between pitch sharpening and pitch flattening, it cannot be ruled out that asmall amount of pitch flattening is present at lower bowforces.…”
Section: Dependence On Bowing Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The upper bow-force limit corresponds to the right-most data point in each curve. curve [19,23]. However, as the pitch is the result of abalance between pitch sharpening and pitch flattening, it cannot be ruled out that asmall amount of pitch flattening is present at lower bowforces.…”
Section: Dependence On Bowing Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, inharmonicity of the string results in an increase of playing frequencyw hen bowed due to the balance of reactive powers [21]. Simulations and measurements indicate that pitch flattening is especially prominent at high bowf orces and large bow-bridge distances, and might impose ap ractical upper bow-force limit in normal musical performance belowthe raucous regime [22,23]. Asecond purpose of the current study wastomakeanaccurate mapping of the variations of pitch across the Helmholtz regions in the measured Schelleng diagrams.…”
Section: ©Shirzel Verlag · Eaamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ele estabeleceu que para cada posição do arco há uma força de arcada mínima e uma máxima, dentro das quais o executante pode conseguir um som estável bem controlado [6,13,71]. Este problema voltou a ser tratado por Schumacher em 1994, que expressou a força tangencial entre o arco e a corda em função da velocidade da corda, os coeficientes de atrito e as impedâncias translacional e rotacional da corda (o arco gera também oscilações de torção na corda) [72]. Mais recentemente, Piteroff e Woodhause propuseram um modelo físico para determinar a força máxima na arcada levando em conta a largura do arco, a capacidade de flexão das cordas e a razão entre a impedância do movimento transversal (definida na superfície da corda) e impedância do movimento rotacional.…”
Section: A Arcadaunclassified
“…Depois a corda gira escorregando em sentido contrário e o processo tem início novamente, sendo este semelhante ao deslocamento transversal da corda. Estes tipos de onda ainda foram pouco estudados [72,83], mas já existe um consenso de que elas não são responsáveis por muita irradiação de som através do corpo do instrumento, pois estas somente podem exercer um pequeno torque sobre o cavalete, determinado pelo diâmetro da corda. As freqüências dos modos torção de vibracão não possuem nenhuma relação harmônica com as freqüências das ondas transversais, que são as notas realmente tocadas.…”
Section: Oângulo Entre O Arco E a Cordaunclassified
“…In this situation, the tangential component of F corresponds to the friction force, i.e. F x = µ F y , where the coefficient of friction µ varies within each cycle of Helmholtz motion 23,24 . As the force F is fully determined, the tension may differ on either side of bowing point.…”
Section: Model Of the Hairmentioning
confidence: 99%