Measurements of Silicon Photomultipliers Responsivity in Continuous Wave Regime

Adamo, Gabriele; Agrò, Diego; Stivala, Salvatore; Parisi, Antonino; Giaconia, C.; Busacca, Alessandro; Mazzillo, M.; Sanfilippo, D.; Fallica, Giorgio

doi:10.1109/ted.2013.2282709

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As stated above, another cause of noise in SiPMs is the thermal noise due to the thermal generation of carriers through recombination-generation centers or to the bulk diffusion of minority carriers from the quasi-neutral region. In the absence of light, the electrical effect of these mechanisms is referred to as dark current [1], [5], [11]. The experimental setup, employed for our continuous wave SNR measurements, is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, SiPMs are mainly employed for single photon counting, in conjunction with pulsed lasers [1]- [4] and, therefore, the dark noise is the main noise source. However, SiPMs have been used in the CW regime in several applications [5], [6], and, for this reason, it is important to investigate the effect of SNR in this operative conditions [7]. In the CW regime, at very low optical intensities, the shot noise component, arising from photon statistical fluctuations and thermal-generation processes, must be taken into account [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal to Noise Ratio of silicon photomultipliers measured in the continuous wave regime

Adamo

Agrò

Stivala

et al. 2014

2014 Third Mediterranean Photonics Conference

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We performed a Signal to Noise Ratio characterization, in the continuous wave regime, at different bias voltages, frequencies and temperatures, on a novel class of silicon photomultipliers fabricated in planar technology on silicon p-type substrate. Signal to Noise Ratio has been measured as the ratio of the photogenerated current, filtered and averaged by a lock-in amplifier, and the Root Mean Square deviation of the overall current flowing to the device. The measured noise takes into account the shot noise, resulting from the photocurrent and the dark current. We have also performed a comparison between our SiPMs and a photomultiplier tube in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio, as a function of the temperature of the SiPM package and at different bias voltages. Furthermore, Excess Noise Factor measurements of the SiPM, as a function of the applied bias, are shown and discussed. Our results show the outstanding performance of this novel class of SiPMs even without the need of any cooling system.

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Section: Experimental Results and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal to Noise Ratio of silicon photomultipliers measured in the continuous wave regime

Adamo

Agrò

Stivala

et al. 2014

2014 Third Mediterranean Photonics Conference

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“…The series of each SPAD and its quenching resistor are connected in parallel. Details about the fabrication are extensively explained in [33].…”

Section: Description Of the Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, SiPMs can be used in the continuous wave (CW) regime in several applications, such as very low power measurements (less than 1 pW) [23], as disposable sensors in immunoassay tests [24] and, above all, in CW near-infrared spectroscopy systems [25]- [32]. For this reason, it is important to investigate the effect of SNR in these operative conditions [33]- [35]. In the CW regime, at very low optical intensities, the shot noise component, arising from photon statistical fluctuations, must be taken into account [27], [36], [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photomultipliers Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the Continuous Wave Regime

Adamo

Parisi

Stivala

et al. 2014

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We report on Signal-to-Noise Ratio measurements carried out, in the continuous wave regime, at different bias voltages, frequencies and temperatures, on a class of silicon photomultipliers fabricated in planar technology on silicon p-type substrate. \ud Signal-to-Noise Ratio has been measured as the ratio of the photogenerated current, filtered and averaged by a lock-in amplifier, and the Root Mean Square deviation of the same current. The measured noise takes into account the shot noise, resulting from the photocurrent and the dark current. We have also performed a comparison between our SiPMs and a photomultiplier tube in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio, as a function of the temperature of the SiPM package and at different bias voltages. Our results show the outstanding performance of this class of SiPMs even without the need of any cooling system

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“…Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) have been then adopted since they fulfill these fierce requirements [11][12][13][14] and the rest of this paper will describe the system architecture that has been realized and the experimental results that evaluate the obtained performances in term of fidelity on the detecting action and the related computational loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring FPGA Based Lock-in Techniques for Brain Monitoring Applications

Giaconia¹,

Greco²,

Mistretta³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems for e-health applications usually suffer of poor signal detection mainly due to a low end-to-end signal to noise ratio of the electronics chain. Lock-In Amplifiers (LIA) historically represent a powerful technique helping to improve performances in such circumstances. In this work it has been designed and implemented a digital LIA system, based on a Zynq® Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), trying to explore if this technique might improve fNIRS system performances. More broadly, FPGA based solution flexibility has been investigated, with particular emphasis applied to digital filter parameters, needed in the digital LIA, and it has been evaluated its impact on the final signal detection and noise rejection capability. The realized architecture was a mixed solution between VHDL hardware modules and software ones, running within a softcore microprocessor. Experimental results have shown the goodness of the proposed solutions and comparative details among different implementation will be detailed. Finally a key aspect taken into account throughout the design was its modularity, allowing an ease increase of the input channels while avoiding the growth of the design cost of the electronics system.

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Measurements of Silicon Photomultipliers Responsivity in Continuous Wave Regime

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Signal to Noise Ratio of silicon photomultipliers measured in the continuous wave regime

Signal to Noise Ratio of silicon photomultipliers measured in the continuous wave regime

Silicon Photomultipliers Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the Continuous Wave Regime

Exploring FPGA Based Lock-in Techniques for Brain Monitoring Applications

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