Measurements of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants in Nursing Women: Implications for Human Exposure

Zhou, Simon Ningsun; Buchar, Angelina; Siddique, Saima; Takser, Larissa; Abdelouahab, Nadia; Zhu, Jiping

doi:10.1021/es5016839

Cited by 107 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Lesser blood to milk partitioning of BEH-TEBP, which has a higher molecular weight and higher estimated logK OW compared with EH-TBB (706.14 Da and 11.95 compared to 549.92 Da and 7.73), could account for lower observed levels of BEH-TEBP tissue accumulation resulting from lactational transfer (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Similarly, Zhou et al (2014) observed lesser serum to breast milk partitioning of BEH-TEBP compared with EH-TBB in humans. BEH-TEBP was only detected in serum above MDL levels in dams at the high dose, also supporting a low absorption potential (Fig.…”

Section: Beh-tebpmentioning

confidence: 81%

Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats

Phillips¹,

Chen²,

Rock³

et al. 2016

Toxicol. Sci.

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FiremasterV R 550 (FM 550) is a commercial mixture of organophosphate and brominated flame retardants currently in use as a replacement for pentaBDE. Its organophosphate components include triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and a suite of isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers (ITPs); its brominated components include 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis (2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP). Taken together, these chemicals have been shown to be endocrine disrupting and potentially toxic, and human exposure to them is widespread. In this study, maternal transfer of FM 550 components, and in some cases their metabolites, was investigated in dosed Wistar rats. Gestational and lactational transfer were examined separately, with dams orally exposed to 300 or 1000 mg of FM 550 for 10 consecutive days during gestation (gestational day [GD] 9-18) or lactation (postnatal day [PND] 3-12). Levels of parent compounds were measured in fetus and whole pup tissue homogenates, and in dam and pup serum, and several metabolites were measured in dam and pup urine. EH-TBB body burdens resulting from lactational transfer were approximately 200-to 300-fold higher than those resulting from placental transfer, whereas low levels of BEH-TEBP were transferred during both lactation and gestation. TPHP and ITPs were rapidly metabolized by the dams and were not detected in whole tissue homogenates. However, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and mono-isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP) were detected in urine from the dosed animals. This study is the first to confirm ip-PPP as a urinary metabolite of ITPs and establish a pharmacokinetic profile of FM 550 in a mammalian model.

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Section: Beh-tebpmentioning

confidence: 81%

Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats

Phillips¹,

Chen²,

Rock³

et al. 2016

Toxicol. Sci.

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“…The only previous study utilizing GC-MS-MS for the determination of PBB exposure was a recent investigation of emerging and legacy BFRs in paired maternal breast milk and serum (30). In this study, determination of two PBB congeners, PBB-153, PBB-209, and six additional BFR compounds was performed using electron-capture negative chemical ionization mode with peak identification and quantification by selected ion monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LOD for PBB-209 was derived from the lowest standard concentration that produced S/N ratio ≥3, and was reported as 0.49 ng/g. Paired sample duplicates (n = 18) were reported to have a mean percent difference of 13% for PBB-153 (30). Each of these existing methods fails to address both of the previously identified major limitations in exposure characterization for epidemiologic research on PBB exposure, improvement in LOD and unequivocal determination of multiple congeners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Matrices by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2016

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We have developed a highly sensitive and selective analytical method capable of quantifying a total of 15 polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls (11 PBBs and 4 PCBs) in human serum. Samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction prior to measurement using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Quantification was performed using isotope-dilution calibration covering a concentration range of 0.005-12.5 ng/mL. Limits of detection for all target compounds were in the low range (0.7-6.5 pg/mL). The method was validated using in-house pooled human serum fortified at two concentrations (0.5 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL), whole semen fortified at one concentration (0.25 ng/mL), and NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1958, which includes five of the target compounds. Method accuracies for all target compounds ranged from 84 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <19%. The measured values for the five target compounds present in the SRM agreed with the certified reference values (89-119% accuracy with RSDs <9%). As this method was developed to support ongoing epidemiologic investigations, we evaluated its suitability by analyzing subsets of serum and whole semen samples from the Michigan PBB Registry cohort. PBB-153, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 were detected in all serum samples analyzed, with PBB-77 and PBB-101 detected less frequently in serum. PBB-153, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 were detected in at least one whole semen sample.

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“…In Guangzhou, one of the largest industrial cities in China, the median concentration of DBDPE in hair samples was found be 17.8 ng/g lipid (Zheng et al 2011). In contrast, DBDPE was not detected in human tissue in Canada, New Zealand, and the USA (Mannetje et al 2013;Petreas et al 2012;Zhou et al 2014). The levels observed in some samples in this cohort should be not surprising given that Dhaka is the industrial epicenter of Bangladesh, where it is likely that DBDPE is currently being used as a replacement for decabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether mixtures-BFRs that are facing increasing regulation and are starting to be phased out of the commercial market due to concerns for environmental and human health (Luo et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2018

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Information about the human burdens of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-and middle-income countries is limited. In particular, studies often include only a small subset of POPs. To address this data gap, we aimed to assess maternal-child exposures to POPs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We quantified 16 organochlorine pesticides, 12 polychlorinated biphenyls, 21 brominated flame retardants, 18 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and short-chain chlorinated paraffins in 18 pooled samples of human cord blood from 90 mother-infant pairs living in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2014. In all pooled samples, we detected high levels of p,p′-DDT (median 81.6 ng/g lipid) and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD (median 551 and 10.7 ng/g lipid, respectively), where the p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT ratio ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 indicating recent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure. We also detected acenaphthene, decabromodiphenyl ethane, o,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexabromobenzene, and perfluorooctanoic acid in a subset of samples. For the other 59 target compounds, concentrations were below the limits of detection, despite using ultra-trace analytical methodology. No trends were observed when stratifying the analyses of detected POP concentrations by maternal age, maternal body mass index, or large fish consumption. These findings highlight recent DDT exposure in Dhaka, but the overall POP burden was otherwise low in this sample of pregnant women/newborns. Future monitoring efforts should focus on newly detected POPs for which burdens may be increasing due to ongoing industrialization in Bangladesh.

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Measurements of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants in Nursing Women: Implications for Human Exposure

Cited by 107 publications

References 46 publications

Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats

Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats

Quantification of Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Matrices by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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