“…Though the majority of the 83.4 nm emission from Earth's airglow in the lower ionosphere originates from solar EUV photoionization‐excitation of atomic oxygen, with some from electron impact [ Link et al , 1994], complete analysis of auroral emissions (at lower altitudes) should involve some e − + O 2 contribution [ LeClair and McConkey , 1993; Zipf et al , 1985a]. Modeling of the 83.4 nm emission region is complicated by temperature‐dependent photoabsorption by N 2 and O 2 , which can skew the overlapped O II (83.4 nm) multiplet emissions via the changing ro‐vibrational contributions from N 2 [ Wu et al , 2006]. Also, proton‐stimulated auroral emissions involve a secondary electron component, which is less energetic than from electron‐based auroras and thus have different spectral characteristics [ Galand and Lummerzheim , 2004; Simon et al , 2007].…”